Normal semen is milky white or milky yellow and does not contain red blood cells. When semen is red, pink, dark red or contains blood (clots) and red blood cells are visible under the microscope, it is called hematospermia. Hemospermia is a common symptom in male science. There are many causes of hematospermia. The common causes are: (1) inflammation: seminal vesiculitis and prostatitis are the most common, mostly non-specific inflammation. (2) Benign diseases. Such as dilated seminal vesicles; seminal vesicles, prostate and urethral cysts, polyps, stones, diverticula, calcifications, granulomas, etc. (3) Functional hematospermia. Irregular sexual life or sudden resumption of sexual life after a long time without sex, the rapid congestion of tissues during sexual activity leads to rapid changes in the internal pressure of the seminal vesicles and induces hematospermia. (5) Tumor: tumor of seminal vesicle, prostate, posterior urethra and bladder. (4) Trauma and hospital-based factors: such as chronic prostatitis after drug injection in the transurethral prostate in a foreign hospital; after transrectal prostate puncture biopsy; after local radiotherapy for prostate cancer; after transurethral instrumentation; after hemorrhoid injection; after testicular injury and resection, etc. (6) Hematologic and vascular diseases. Such as bleeding disorders; posterior urethra and seminal tract hemangioma, varicose veins, etc. At present, the diagnosis and treatment of hematospermia in clinical practice focus on clarifying the cause of hematospermia, and then targeting the treatment according to the cause. However, we found that most patients with hematospermia are treated symptomatically on an outpatient basis, except for those with rare causes such as tumors. Further clarification of the etiology does not provide much guidance on treatment options and can add to the trauma and financial burden of the patient. Therefore, since February 2005, we have begun to explore new diagnostic and treatment procedures for hematospermia that are both instructive to outpatient and primary care physicians and can reduce the financial burden on patients. We found that although there are many causes of hematospermia, mainly seminal vesiculitis and prostatitis, seminal cysts or dilatation, and functional hematospermia are the most common. Other factors such as tumors are very rare. In addition, most of the lesions causing hematospermia are located in and around the seminal vesicle gland, prostate gland, ejaculatory duct, and TRUS can clearly display lesions in these areas, and its image quality is comparable to CT and MRI. The method is simple, safe, effective, and non-invasive, which is of great value for the diagnosis of patients with hematospermia. And for small parts of lesions located in the urethra, bladder and testicles, 2D high frequency and color Doppler ultrasonography can be combined to make a clear diagnosis. In terms of treatment, except for tumorigenic factors that require hospitalization for further treatment of the cause, all other factors, basically, can be treated symptomatically on an outpatient basis with satisfactory results. Since the seminal tract is a highly coiled blind tube, when infected hematospermia occurs, it is poorly drained due to its own structural characteristics. The actual fact is that you can get rid of the infected prostatic fluid or semen effectively through regular sexual intercourse to relieve the symptoms caused by the depression of the prostatic seminal vesicles; improve the blood circulation of the prostatic seminal vesicles, promote the absorption and remission of inflammation, achieve the purpose of treatment, and help stimulate the patient’s sexual desire and treat different degrees of sexual dysfunction, improve the patient’s own immune function and quality of life. For non-infectious hematospermia, it is mostly due to irregular sexual life or sudden resumption of sexual life after a long period of time without sexual intercourse, and the rapid congestion of tissues during sexual activity, which leads to rapid changes in the pressure inside the seminal vesicles and induces hematospermia. Appropriate abstinence during the treatment period can promote the repair of damaged mucosa and submucosal vascular network and achieve the purpose of treatment. Therefore, we adopt the following individualized treatment process for patients with hematospermia. Firstly, through detailed medical history, comprehensive physical examination, routine analysis of semen or prostatic fluid, ultrasound of prostatic seminal vesicles, etc., we first identify whether it is tumorigenic or non-tumorigenic. If it is tumorigenic, further examination and treatment will be conducted to address the cause. If the hematospermia is non-tumorigenic, it is classified as infectious or non-infectious based on the results of bacterial culture of prostate fluid or semen. For infectious hematospermia, in addition to oral administration of antibiotics, Aniloxin, and vitamin C, regular sexual intercourse (using condoms) is ordered during medication, and sexual intercourse (or masturbation) is given 2-3 times a week, and PDE5 inhibitors are given as adjunctive therapy for those who cannot complete it as prescribed by the doctor because of erectile difficulties. For non-infectious hematospermia, oral administration of Enola blood and vitamin C was given, and patients were instructed to have appropriate abstinence during the treatment period and to have sex once every half month. One month of treatment is a course of treatment. For patients with infected hematospermia, after the treatment course, if the prostate routine and semen white blood cell count had returned to normal but still had hematospermia, patients were instructed to abstain from sexual intercourse (same as the non-infected group) while continuing the drug treatment and continued the treatment for 1 course. All patients avoided sexual stimulation without ejaculatory activity during the treatment period. The result was 95.7% cure rate and 2 cases of relapse (3.5%), which was better than conventional treatment.