Mitral valve open heart surgery is an effective treatment for heart valve disease. Mitral valve thoracotomy is performed after the patient is under general anesthesia to cut open the sternum and pericardium and expose the heart valve. An extracorporeal circulation is established to gradually stop the heart, and the valve is replaced while the heart stops beating. Mechanical or biologic valves are chosen to replace the original diseased valves, so that the function of the valves is restored to normal and the mitral stenosis or regurgitation disappears. If a mechanical valve is used to replace the diseased mitral valve, life-long anticoagulation with warfarin is required. Biologic valves require lifelong anticoagulation with warfarin, whereas biologic valves require discontinuation of anticoagulants in 3 to 6 months. Generally, mitral valve surgery is more invasive, and the postoperative recovery is longer. It is recommended to pay attention to the postoperative care, daily light diet, supplement the body’s nutrition. It is recommended that the patient should consult the doctor in time if any discomfort occurs after the operation, and actively treat the patient under the guidance of a professional doctor.