Infants and toddlers who keep their eyes closed and are afraid to open them suggest the presence of some ocular surface irritation and photophobia, and because infants and toddlers cannot accurately describe their eye discomfort, they may experience a persistent fear of opening their eyes. Generally speaking, the diseases that cause such ocular surface irritation and photophobia are often inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface or the anterior segment of the eye. The diagnosis can be further clarified based on the specific manifestations to facilitate targeted treatment to relieve this photophobia and irritation.