Similar to a spinal endoscope, an intervertebral foramen is a light-equipped tube that enters the intervertebral foramen from the side or side and back of the patient’s body (either in a flat or oblique fashion) and performs the procedure in a safe working triangle. The procedure is performed outside the disc’s fibrous annulus, and the herniated nucleus pulposus, nerve roots, dural sac and hyperplastic bone tissue can be clearly seen under direct endoscopic vision. The herniated tissue is then removed using various types of grasping forceps, the bone is removed microscopically, and the broken fibrous annulus is repaired with radiofrequency electrodes. The surgical trauma is small: the skin incision is only 7mm, like the size of a soybean grain, bleeding is less than 20ml, and only 1 stitch is needed after the operation. It is the least traumatic and most effective minimally invasive treatment for disc herniation among similar surgeries. The selection criteria for foraminotomy or endoscopic microdiscectomy are not fundamentally different from those for laminectomy and disc removal. Patients with herniated discs selected for minimally invasive surgery must exhibit signs and symptoms of nerve root compression and must meet the following conditions: 1. persistent or recurrent radicular pain; 2. more radicular pain than lumbar pain. If the symptoms of lumbar pain are greater than leg pain in patients with moderate or less bulging can first do cryogenic plasma meduloplasty; 3, after strict conservative treatment has failed. including the use of steroidal or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pain medications, physical therapy, and occupational or condition training procedures, conservative treatment is recommended for at least 4-6 weeks, but immediate surgery is required if there is a progressive worsening of neurological symptoms; 4. No history of substance abuse or psychological disorders; 5. Positive straight leg raise test and difficulty bending; 6. To precisely determine the location and nature of the herniated or prolapsed nucleus pulposus and the intervertebral foraminal osteophytes situation, a thorough imaging examination, especially CT and MRI, should be performed before surgery to accurately determine the size, location and nature of the nucleus pulposus.