China has the 2nd highest number of TB cases in the world. There are 1.45 million new cases each year. There are about 5.5 million tuberculosis patients in China, including 1.5 million infectious tuberculosis patients, and about 130,000 deaths each year. It is estimated that if effective measures are not taken, in the next 10 years, 30 million people may develop TB, and women will account for a significant proportion.
Tuberculosis “favors” women When 300 million or 500 million Chinese smokers gripped the “little white stick” swallowing clouds of spray; when there are hundreds of millions of people moving around the country every year, who could have known that tuberculosis, commonly known as “consumption “Now it has come back with a vengeance, with Mycobacterium tuberculosis spreading quietly among you, me and him, eroding the muscles of our compatriots without mercy, leaving you defenseless and haunted by the disease. Women, in particular, are the target of “tuberculosis” bullying.
So, why does tuberculosis “favor” women?
Reason 1 Because of social status, household chores, heavy burden, etc., women suffering from tuberculosis is often not easy to find, and therefore can not get good treatment.
Reason 2: Women of childbearing age are more likely to be affected by TB than men of the same age. Physiological reasons such as hormonal changes in adolescent girls and pregnant women, nutrition, and postpartum breastfeeding weaken the immune system of women and increase the rate of TB infection.
Reason 3 The proportion of women in the service industry is much higher than that of men, which makes women have a higher chance of getting TB. Today, due to environmental, nutritional, physical and lifestyle factors (such as smoking, spitting, talking to each other, shaking hands, etc.), the incidence of tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy is higher among female salespersons in some public places such as large stores where customers gather. More problematic is the discovery of multiple anti-tuberculosis drugs, drug-resistant strains, and the possibility of becoming a source of infection for the spread of tuberculosis.
Reason 4 About 20% of the annual increase in new TB patients worldwide, the cause of the disease is related to AIDS, and patients with STDs are at high risk for the development of AIDS.
Tuberculosis, in all its forms, is called the “big brother” of tuberculosis. Most patients with tuberculosis have clinical symptoms, with cough and sputum being the most common, followed by malaise, afternoon fever, night sweats, fatigue, chest tightness, chest pain, loss of appetite, hemoptysis or hematemesis, and weight loss. The symptoms of the elderly are not typical, and coughing and sputum are easily confused with the original “old slow branch”, or ignored by the doctor because there are no conscious symptoms.
Pulmonary tuberculosis accounts for 85% of tuberculosis, while extrapulmonary tuberculosis accounts for only 15%. So, what kind of extrapulmonary tuberculosis are we talking about here?
The majority of male genital tuberculosis is secondary to renal tuberculosis, and 50% to 75% of renal tuberculosis is complicated by genital tuberculosis.
Female genital tuberculosis includes tubal, endometrial, cervical and ovarian tuberculosis.
Intestinal tuberculosis bacilli invade the intestine mainly through oral infection, which is often caused by open pulmonary tuberculosis and frequent swallowing of sputum or saliva containing tuberculosis bacilli; tuberculosis bacilli can spread through bloodstream or spread directly to the intestine from tuberculosis lesions in other organs of the abdomen; secondly, drinking unsterilized sterile milk or dairy products can also cause the disease.
Meningeal tuberculosis is most common in infants and children up to 3 years of age, but can also occur in adults. Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis at the primary site and then spreads to the meninges via bloodstream, causing nonsuppurative inflammation of the meninges, known as tuberculous meningitis (nodular brain).
Hepatic tuberculosis bacilli are disseminated into the liver via bloodstream, or directly infected via lymphatic vessels, bile ducts or adjacent lesions, and develop when the body’s resistance is reduced. Mycobacterium tuberculosis may form tuberculous nodules, or tuberculomas, in the liver, and caseous necrosis and liquefaction may form within the nodules, resulting in tuberculous liver abscesses.
The primary site of renal tuberculosis is mainly pulmonary tuberculosis, and the tuberculosis bacilli spread to the kidney through bloodstream and cause renal tuberculosis, and most of them develop several years after the primary site of tuberculosis infection.
Gastric tuberculosis is secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis in almost all cases, but the incidence is less than 1%. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects the stomach mainly through sputum or food swallowed, or through blood and lymphatic dissemination.
About 90% of tuberculosis in bones and joints is secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis, and a few are secondary to gastrointestinal tuberculosis. The majority of children and adolescents suffer from bone and joint tuberculosis, with more than 80% under the age of 30. The disease predominates in the spine, accounting for about 50% of cases, followed by the knee, hip and elbow joints.
In addition to the above tuberculosis, there are also peritoneal, ear, nose, throat and larynx nodules. Therefore, if a patient with pre-existing tuberculosis is suspected of having tuberculosis in a certain part of the body, he or she should go to a specialized hospital as soon as possible [FS:PAGE] to avoid cross-infection and infection, and the principles of treatment are similar to those of tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis and diabetes diabetes and tuberculosis have formed a “good relationship”. Due to metabolic disorders, poor immune function, mainly humoral and cellular immunity, and impaired blood circulation, diabetic patients have a reduced bactericidal and antibacterial capacity, which can easily lead to infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium septicum, fungi and certain viruses, causing various infections of the respiratory system, urinary system, digestive system and skin mucosa. Tuberculosis is the most susceptible disease in diabetic patients, especially pulmonary tuberculosis. Most of the patients have diabetes first and then have TB, which is characterized by rapid onset, severe disease and rapid progression. Tuberculosis lesions are mostly exudative caseous necrosis, easily forming cavities and spontaneous pneumothorax, and can manifest symptoms such as fever, cough, sputum, hemoptysis, night sweats, and weakness. As TB can aggravate diabetes, diabetes can be poorly controlled, and in turn diabetes can affect TB, making it difficult to cure TB, and even if it is temporarily cured, it is easy to relapse.
The specific measures to prevent and treat tuberculosis are, firstly, to control and eliminate the source of infection, early detection and early treatment, for sputum-positive patients, appropriate isolation and active treatment; secondly, to cut off the path of infection, improve environmental hygiene, consciously do not spit; in addition, to improve the body’s resistance, in addition to BCG vaccination, should also pay attention to the regularization of life, to enhance physical fitness.
For patients diagnosed with tuberculosis, treatment should be based on the five principles of early (timely detection and treatment), regular (regular use of drugs according to the prescribed chemotherapy regimen, should not be arbitrarily discontinued), full (must complete the course of treatment), combination (generally using two or more anti-tuberculosis drugs in combination), appropriate (using the appropriate therapeutic dose, so that the drug to achieve effective antibacterial concentration) treatment, with the most reasonable combination of program The most reasonable combination and the most appropriate drugs are used to carry out effective and thorough treatment.
The general principle of the diet for tuberculosis patients is to give them a high protein, high vitamin, high fiber, high calorie, low fat diet, with nourishing and easily digestible food. Specifically, eat more millet, wheat, beans, corn, as well as a variety of fresh vegetables and dried fruits such as lilies, silver fungus, cinnamon, walnuts, chestnuts, dates, white fruits, watermelon, oranges, apples, pears, cucumbers, cabbage, roots, etc.; a variety of high-protein foods such as chicken, lean pork, lean beef, eggs, as well as a variety of sea fish, shrimp, etc.
It is very important for TB patients to avoid eating, especially during the use of anti-TB drugs. For example, spinach contains a large amount of oxalic acid, which can combine with calcium elements to produce insoluble calcium oxalate, so that the body can not absorb calcium, which causes a lack of calcium in the body, resulting in TB lesions are not easy to calcify, so avoid eating or eat less.
Secondly, pineapple contains proteolytic enzymes, which can dissolve the fibrous tissue of the lung lesions, thereby spreading the lesions and spitting out blood.
Also, during the use of anti-TB drugs in TB patients, eating eggplant is prone to allergic reactions, with symptoms such as flushing of the face, itching of the skin, irritability, erythema all over the body, nausea, vomiting, and even a drop in blood pressure and chest pain.
In addition, TB patients should not consume milk during the use of anti-TB drugs such as rifampin or rifadin, because milk can reduce the absorption rate of these drugs and affect the efficacy.
TB patients are advised to eat less or no fish, especially fish without scales or fish that is not fresh. Because fish food contains a large amount of histidine, which can be converted into histamine in human liver and then oxidized and inactivated by mono-limbic oxidase, and the anti-TB drug isoniazid can inhibit the mono-limbic oxidase in human tissues, thus causing a large accumulation of histamine in human body, resulting in allergic reactions, such as headache, nausea, itchy skin flushing and eye congestion in mild cases. In severe cases, palpitations, lip and facial swelling, rash, abdominal pain, diarrhea, breathing difficulties, etc., so should also be avoided.
As for wine, tea and soy milk, they should not be eaten together with rifampin during the period of taking it. Deep-fried, greasy and spicy foods are also best to be avoided.