Viral flu is a common disease among people, including common cold, influenza and viral pharyngitis, etc. It is mainly transmitted through air or hand contact via nasal passages. Influenza is an acute whistle infection caused by the influenza virus, which is present in the patient’s whistle tract and is transmitted via droplets when the patient coughs or sneezes. It is difficult to control and dangerous because of its high contagiousness, difficult to control transmission route, fast transmission speed and wide spread, and even serious cases (severe pneumonia, whistle failure, etc.) can occur. The common cold is caused by rhinovirus, coronavirus and parainfluenza virus, etc. The common cold is much less contagious than the influenza, and often appears individually, and only when the body’s resistance decreases, it is easy to get sick. Causes Common people usually think that “flu” and “cold” are one kind of disease, and “flu” is only “cold”. “It is just an epidemic. However, “flu” is not an epidemic “cold”, “flu” and “cold” are two completely different diseases. Flu” and “cold” are two completely different diseases. “Influenza” is a systemic disease caused by influenza virus infection mainly involving the upper whistle, the pathogen is divided into influenza A, B, C virus; “cold”, mainly caused by the whistle syncytial virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus and parainfluenza virus Infections of the upper whistle tract. Clinical manifestations Common cold is a non-infectious disease, seasonal is not obvious, patients generally do not have fever or moderate fever, no chills, few or no systemic symptoms, the course of 1-3 days, few complications such as otitis media, pneumonia and encephalitis. Influenza, on the other hand, is a category C infectious disease with obvious seasonality. Patients mostly have high fever of 39°C to 40°C with chills and a duration of 3-5 days, with obvious systemic symptoms, such as headache, generalized muscle aches and weakness, and may have complications such as otitis media, pneumonia and encephalitis. Diagnosis Influenza is characterized by a clear group onset, with most people having the disease in a short period of time, or most people in a family, and disseminated cases may be missed. Influenza has heavy systemic symptoms compared to the common cold. It is not difficult to diagnose influenza or other viral colds with comprehensive clinical and examination. However, in the case of influenza, especially influenza A epidemic, we should pay attention to severe cases. Treatment 1.Treatment principles International and domestic guidelines for the use of antibiotics clearly state: For acute bronchitis and upper whistle infections, the routine use of antibiotics is not recommended. 2, treatment means Usually the main symptom relief treatment, including antipyretics and painkillers, etc., usually after 1 week, the patient can recover naturally. Resistance-enhancing drugs can also be taken, such as high doses of vitamin C (1000 mg for adults and 500 mg for children) early in the cold, which can alleviate cold symptoms and shorten the duration of the cold. However, not all kinds of doses of vitamin C can enhance resistance, only high doses of vitamin C can do this. (1) General treatment pay attention to rest, drink more water, pay attention to nutrition, diet should be easy to digest; pay attention to ventilation and air disinfection; pay attention to observation of complications. (2) Drug treatment is mainly to reduce symptoms, shorten the course of illness and prevent complications. Cold with fever, headache, muscle pain, cough, sore throat can choose antipyretic and analgesic, while the application of a variety of cold symptoms to relieve the compound anti-cold preparations, such as compound aspirin, diclofenac, etc.; nasal congestion, runny nose and other symptoms, you can use the compound anti-cold preparations containing pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and paracetamol; cough more than affect the rest, can take cough suppressants; sputum sticky can be used in the case of cough flat, hydrochloric acid Unless combined with bacterial infection, antibiotics are generally not necessary. (3) For confirmed influenza, use neuraminidase inhibitors, such as oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu). Warnings: Antibiotic use Antibiotics are used to fight bacteria and are not effective against viruses, so misuse of antibiotics does not bring therapeutic effect when toxic side effects occur. In addition, misuse of antibiotics can lead to the emergence of a large number of drug-resistant strains of bacteria. Experts suggest that, in general, antibiotics should not be taken on your own unless you have a yellow pus nose and fever; when cold symptoms are severe or complicated by other symptoms, you should seek medical attention and choose antibiotics under the guidance of a doctor when bacterial infection or complications are clear. Prevention Since there is no special treatment for cold and flu, and once you have a cold, it will affect your work and life to a certain extent, prevention is especially important. The key to prevention is to strengthen the resistance and prevent the invasion of pathogens. The main measures are: (1) pay attention to exercise and arrange outdoor activities to adapt to changes in the environment and climate. (2) Dress appropriately and increase or decrease in time with climate change to prevent from getting cold or overheating. (3) Control and treat chronic diseases and correct malnutrition. (4) Pay attention to indoor ventilation, avoid going to crowded and dirty air in public places. (5) Avoid overwork, drunkenness and other triggering factors. (6) Pay attention to personal hygiene and wash hands regularly.