What is Osteoporosis? The World Health Organization defines osteoporosis as a metabolic bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and destruction of the microstructure of bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Hazards of osteoporosis? 1.Pain: pain in the lower back is the main pain, or the whole body may have bone pain; the pain is aggravated by physical labor; it is difficult to turn over, change the position and walk. 2.Fracture: A slight bump or even a cough can cause fracture. The common parts are crural vertebrae, hip, proximal upper arm, distal forearm and so on. 3.Crestal deformity, hunchback, limited stretching and shortened height. How to know if you are suffering from osteoporosis? 1, fragility fracture: the occurrence of fragility fracture can be clinically diagnosed as osteoporosis. 2.Low bone density: Bone densitometry should be performed. 3. Exclude other diseases affecting bone metabolism. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement is currently recognized worldwide as the gold standard for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. t-value = (measurement – peak bone value of normal adults of the same sex and race) / standard deviation of normal adult bone density. Prevention and treatment strategies for osteoporosis? 1. Pharmacologic intervention. 2, Daily health care. 3.Rehabilitation treatment. Which osteoporosis patients need to receive drug treatment? Patients with osteoporosis (T≤-2.5) regardless of whether they have had a fracture or not, when they already know the results of their own bone mineral density measurements. 2. Patients with low bone mass (-2.5 ≤ T ≤ -1.0) and the presence of more than one osteoporosis risk factor, regardless of whether they have ever had a fracture. The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) has created the Osteoporosis Risk One Minute Test, which is a test in which subjects answer 10 questions. 1.Has your parent ever had a hip fracture from a minor collision or fall? 2.Have you ever hurt your bones because of a minor collision or fall? 3.Do you often take hormone drugs such as cortisone and prednisone for more than 3 months in a row? 4.Has your height decreased by 3 centimeters? 5.Do you often drink alcohol excessively? 6. Do you smoke more than 20 cigarettes a day? 7. Do you often suffer from dysentery and diarrhea? 8, Ms. answer: Did you have menopause before the age of 45? Have you ever been without menstruation for more than 12 consecutive months (except during pregnancy)? 10. Men answered: Do you suffer from erectile dysfunction or lack of libido? If a subject answers “yes” to any of the questions, the test is positive for osteoporosis, but this does not prove that the subject has osteoporosis; a bone density test is required to determine whether or not the subject has osteoporosis. How is osteoporosis treated? Our body structure is like a house and our bones are like the steel reinforcement of the house. Once osteoporosis occurs, it is like the steel reinforcement of the house is corroded, then the house will shake like a tofu dregs project and collapse easily! First of all, we should choose the symptomatic drug treatment to slow down the bone loss and slow down the progress of osteoporosis. 1, bisphosphonates: these drugs are synthetic non-biodegradable pyrophosphonate analogs that inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and effectively increase bone density, with two basic effects of inhibiting bone resorption and inhibiting calcification, thus reducing the risk of fracture in postmenopausal and other causes of osteoporosis patients. 2.Calcitonin: Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by thyroid C cells to inhibit the activity of osteoclasts, which can specifically and directly act on the receptors of osteoclasts, weaken the activity and number of osteoclasts, slow down the maturation process of osteoclasts, and thus inhibit bone resorption. 3.Parathyroid hormone: parathyroid hormone is the main hormone that regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism and maintains the calcium balance of the body, it can increase the number of osteoblasts and promote the release of bone growth factor from osteoblasts, so as to promote the formation of bone; at the same time, it can also inhibit apoptosis and prolong the lifespan of osteoblasts. 4, estrogen: estrogen is an important factor in maintaining the balance of bone resorption and bone formation in the human body, and estrogen has long been regarded as the standard preparation for the protection of postmenopausal women. 5, other drugs: such as strontium salts (strontium ranelate), vitamin K, etc. have some efficacy in the treatment of osteoporosis. Of course, we can’t treat osteoporosis only through medication, attention and dietary care in daily life is also particularly important. Special attention should be paid to preventing falls, keeping the floor dry, cleaning up clutter in the aisles, not having soft seats, chairs or sofas that are too low and too soft are not suitable for the elderly, taking anti-slip measures in the bathroom, keeping the living room brightly lit, and using a walking stick when going out. Diet should eat more calcium-rich foods such as dairy products, soy products and seafood, eat more vitamin C-rich foods such as fresh vegetables and fruits, moderate intake of protein such as eggs, lean meat, fish, shrimp, chicken, etc., and less phosphorus-rich foods such as cola soda, etc., and a good lifestyle and habits such as quitting smoking, limiting alcohol and drinking less coffee. In addition, calcium intake can slow down bone loss and improve bone mineralization. The recommended daily intake of calcium for postmenopausal women and the elderly is 1000mg. Current dietary nutritional surveys show that the average daily intake of calcium from the diet of the elderly in China is about 400mg, so the average daily amount of elemental calcium should be supplemented to 500-600mg. Vitamins are also indispensable because vitamin D can effectively promote calcium absorption, which is beneficial to bone health, maintain muscle strength, improve body stability, and reduce the risk of fracture. Vitamin D can effectively promote calcium absorption, which is beneficial to bone health, maintain muscle strength, improve body stability, and reduce the risk of bone fracture. The recommended dose for the elderly in China is 200 units/day, but due to lack of sunlight and impaired intake and absorption of vitamin D, the recommended supplemental dose is 400-800 units/day. Through medication and daily attention and dietary control, it is believed that we will be able to effectively prevent the occurrence and development of osteoporosis and stay away from the pain that osteoporosis brings to us!