Anterior horn lesions of the spinal cord are a manifestation of poliomyelitis. Poliomyelitis is an acute infectious disease caused by poliovirus. Poliomyelitis virus (poliomyelitisvirus) is a genus of enterovirus in the family of small ribonucleic acid viruses. The virus is observed under the electron microscope as a small, rounded sphere with a diameter of 24-30 nm and a circular particle shape. It contains single-stranded ribonucleic acid, and the nucleic acid content is 20%-30%. The viral nucleoshell consists of 32 capsid particles, each containing four structural proteins, namely VP1 to VP4. VP1 has a special affinity for human cell membrane receptors and is associated with the pathogenicity and virulence of the virus. Prevention of polio-induced anterior horn lesions: Polio is an acute infectious disease caused by poliovirus, with an incubation period of 7 to 14 days. The first major symptoms are fever, loss of appetite, sweating, etc., and also nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, etc., followed by a rise in body temperature again. Polio vaccination is an effective preventive measure. China has remained free of polio wild virus transmission for 10 years, but in the second half of 2011, an imported polio wild virus outbreak occurred in the Xinjiang region. There are also outbreaks in neighboring countries such as Pakistan, India and Afghanistan, as well as Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Gabon, Chad, Angola, Kenya and other countries bordering China. Therefore, when traveling to polio-endemic countries and regions during the Chinese New Year, you should pay attention to: 1) complete the full immunization of children against polio; 2) take good hygiene measures for yourself and your children, including effective hand washing before meals and after defecation; 3) stop traveling immediately and seek medical attention once symptoms of acute delayed limb paralysis appear to avoid transmission to other tourists, and do a good job of isolation and disinfection.