Otitis media is an acute and chronic inflammatory lesion of the middle ear (including the tympanic cavity, mastoid process, Eustachian tube and tympanic membrane) range, including both infectious and non-infectious inflammation. Most infectious otitis media are bacterial in nature, with a few being fungal, tuberculosis or other rare types of infection. The main types are outlined below (detailed classification is not limited to the following): 1. Acute otitis media (1) Acute catarrhal/secretory otitis media: often caused by colds, acute rhinitis and acute pharyngitis. It may also occur after airplane travel due to changes in air pressure, which is called acute aviation otitis media. Acute catarrhal/secretory otitis media may lead to purulent otitis media and requires outpatient treatment as soon as possible. (2) Acute purulent otitis media: Due to bacterial infection, a large amount of pus may appear in the middle ear cavity and pressure may result in perforation of the eardrum and pus flowing in the external ear canal, requiring immediate outpatient treatment. 2. Chronic otitis media (1) Chronic secretory otitis media: It is often caused by untreated acute otitis media, and can also be caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction, nasopharyngeal occupancy (such as adenoid hypertrophy, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, etc.) compression, and radiation therapy. After excluding nasopharyngeal occupations, tympanic tube placement can be performed. (2) Tympanic membrane perforation: If there is no suppuration, tympanic membrane repair can be performed. (3) Chronic suppurative otitis media: requires outpatient treatment and surgery if necessary. (4) Chronic adhesive otitis media: This type leads to severe invagination of the tympanic membrane, adhesion of the auditory chain, and hearing impairment, and can be operated on, but the surgery is more difficult. (3) Middle ear cholesteatoma: This type is the most dangerous and can lead to a variety of serious complications (facial paralysis, intracranial infection, deafness, etc.) and requires surgery as soon as possible after detection. Middle ear cholesteatoma can lead to different degrees of deafness and even facial palsy, and should be taken seriously enough to be treated promptly.