The human ear is divided into the outer ear, middle ear and inner ear, with the middle ear including the tympanic chamber, eustachian tube, sinus and mastoid process. Otitis media refers to inflammatory diseases that occur in the middle ear, and can be divided into secretory otitis media, purulent otitis media, middle ear cholesteatoma and some special types of otitis media. 1. Secretory otitis media: It is a non-suppurative inflammatory disease characterized by fluid accumulation in the middle ear and hearing loss. It occurs mostly in pediatric patients and can be caused by a variety of factors such as dysphagia of the eustachian tube, bacterial infection, and immune response. Patients in the acute stage mostly have a history of cold before the onset of the disease, followed by ear pain, hearing loss, a feeling of occlusion in the ear, stuffiness, and intermittent tinnitus. Acute suppurative otitis media is caused by a decline in body resistance due to various reasons, chronic systemic diseases and adjacent focal diseases (chronic tonsillitis, chronic suppurative sinusitis), and pediatric adenoid hypertrophy. It can occur during acute upper respiratory infections, during acute infectious diseases (scarlet fever, measles, whooping cough, influenza, pneumonia, typhoid fever); it can also occur when swimming or diving in unclean water, when milk flows into the middle ear due to improper breastfeeding position of the baby, or when the tympanic membrane is traumatized. The main symptoms are ear pain, tinnitus, hearing loss, and fluid flow from the ear, accompanied by systemic symptoms such as chills, fever, lethargy, and loss of appetite, and in pediatric patients, high fever, convulsions, vomiting, and diarrhea. If acute suppurative otitis media is not treated in time or is not treated thoroughly, the disease will become chronic suppurative otitis media if it is prolonged to more than 6 weeks. Chronic suppurative otitis media can extend for years or even decades and is characterized by recurrent ear discharge with few systemic symptoms. In summary, otitis media is an inflammatory disease of the middle ear caused by various reasons, mainly manifesting as ear pain, tinnitus, hearing loss, ear overflow, etc. Otitis media is a common cause of deafness in children, and families need to pay more attention to it.