Upper motor neurons generally refer to the pyramidal system, including the large pyramidal cells in the motor area of the central anterior gyrus of the frontal lobe, as well as the corticospinal tracts and corticobulbar tracts of the axons. Damage to these nerve cells and nerve fiber tracts is generally referred to as upper motor neuron injury. A variety of diseases can cause it, and patients can experience different symptoms and manifestations. Common clinical diseases that cause upper motor neuron injury include cerebrovascular disease, which can be seen in cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, encephalitis, craniocerebral trauma, toxic encephalopathy, brain tumor and so on. When upper motor neuron injury, patients usually manifest spastic paraplegia or central paralysis. The main features of paralysis are increased muscle tone, hyperreflexia, pathological reflexes, and generally no muscle atrophy. However, with prolongation of the disease, patients may develop disabling muscle atrophy. In acute severe lesions, the paralysis may begin as a delayed paralysis without pathologic reflexes due to the effects of break-away shock, but after the shock period it gradually changes to a spastic paralysis. The mainstay of upper motor neuron injuries is aggressive treatment of the primary disease and early rehabilitation with acupuncture and physical therapy.