Lumbar disc herniation is a relatively common disease, and there are many treatment options, making it very confusing and difficult for patients to choose. In fact, each different treatment method has its own indications and suitable people, and should be chosen according to the specific conditions of the patient’s disease, the patient’s own claims, the doctor’s experience and the hospital’s specific conditions. Generally speaking, patients with mild symptoms, early lesions, MRI or CT examination suggesting mild protrusion of the lumbar disc, the nucleus pulposus not breaking through the fibrous ring, no free and prolapsed disc fragments, and no obvious segmental instability can be treated conservatively; for patients with severe symptoms, MRI or CT examination suggesting severe protrusion of the lumbar disc, fibrous ring rupture, prolapsed or free nucleus pulposus, disc calcification, bone superfluous For patients with severe symptoms, MRI or CT examination indicates severe lumbar disc herniation, rupture of the annulus fibrosus, prolapsed or free nucleus pulposus, calcification of the intervertebral disc, obvious hypertrophy of the ligament, narrowing of the spinal canal and lateral saphenous fossa, and obvious instability, surgery is required if conservative treatment is not effective. The current treatment for this disease is a stepwise approach. In the first stage, outpatient conservative treatment, 80% of patients can improve with regular conservative treatment. Conservative treatment generally means strict bed rest and oral anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. In the second stage, inpatient traction, physical therapy, anti-inflammatory dilation and nerve nutrition treatment. In the third stage, selective nerve root closure is performed. For conservative treatment is not effective, imaging changes are not heavy, unwilling to operate or general condition is not good enough to tolerate surgery, selective nerve root closure can be performed. The fourth stage, single extraction surgery treatment. The methods include open small incision single extraction surgery, discoscopy or intervertebral foraminoscopy or underpass nucleus pulposus removal. It is suitable for patients who have not been treated with conservative treatment for a long time, have severe symptoms, have a long course of disease, or have urinary and fecal disorders. The fifth stage, fixed fusion surgery: fusion surgery is considered only for patients with lumbar instability and slippage or postoperative recurrence, and fusion surgery is the ultimate treatment for lumbar disc lesions. The “ladder treatment” of disc herniation selects the best treatment method in a scientific manner according to the patient’s different pathological state and clinical manifestations, as well as the patient’s physical and psychological condition. Thus, we can relieve the symptoms and achieve the purpose of cure and recovery. Different measures are used at different stages to dialectically treat the patient and avoid “one-size-fits-all” blind treatment. Domestic and foreign literature search confirms that the therapeutic effect of “ladder treatment” for lumbar disc herniation is better than any other single method.