Pyloric duct ulcers, pathophysiologically similar to duodenal ulcers (DU), have a general increase in gastric acid. Pyloric duct ulcers often lack the periodic and rhythmic pain of typical ulcers, with postprandial epigastric pain being common, poor response to antacids, easy vomiting or pyloric obstruction, and more complications such as perforation or bleeding. The disease has a tendency to recur, and is associated with pyloric duct smooth muscle contraction dysfunction, ulcer surface does not easily heal. The former requires gastroscopy and gastric mucosal biopsy, which can simultaneously determine the presence of gastroduodenal disease, while the latter only provides information on the presence or absence of Hp infection. The invasive tests commonly used today include rapid urease test, histological examination, mucosal smear staining microscopy, microaerobic culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCS), etc. The non-invasive tests are mainly 13C- or 14C-urea breath test (13C-UBT or 14C-UBT) and serological tests, etc. Rapid urease test is the preferred method among invasive tests for the diagnosis of Hp infection, which is easy to perform and low cost. Combinatorial tests allow direct observation of Hp, and special stains such as Warthin-Starry can improve the detection rate compared with conventional HE staining. Gastric mucosal smear after staining microscopy method is easier, but when the number of bacteria is small, it is easy to miss the diagnosis. hp culture and PCR detection side technical requirements and costs are relatively high, mainly for scientific research. The sensitivity and specificity of the non-invasive test 13C-UBT or 14C-UBT for detecting Hp infection is high, and can be the preferred method for review after eradication treatment. Serological tests for the qualitative detection of anti-Hp antibody IgG should not be used as the preferred method for post-treatment review. Serological test for qualitative detection of anti-Hp antibody IgG is not suitable as a confirmatory test for the eradication of Hp after treatment. 2.Gastric fluid analysis The gastric acid secretion of patients is normal or below normal, or increased in some DU patients, but there is a great overlap with normal people, so gastric fluid analysis is of little value for peptic ulcer diagnosis and differential diagnosis. At present, it is mainly used for the auxiliary diagnosis of gastrogastrinoma. If BAO>15mmol/h, MAO>60mmol, BAO/MAO ratio>60%, it indicates the possibility of gastrogastrinoma. 3.Serum ghrelin measurement Serum ghrelin is slightly higher than normal in peptic ulcer, but it has little diagnostic significance, so it should not be included as routine. However, if there is a suspicion of gastrogastrinoma, this measurement should be done. The value of serum ghrelin is generally inversely proportional to gastric acid secretion, low gastric acid, high ghrelin; high gastric acid, low ghrelin; in case of ghrelinoma, both are elevated at the same time.