I. Definition of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a varying degree of abnormal glucose tolerance that occurs or is first detected in women during pregnancy. This definition includes some patients who already had abnormal glucose metabolism before pregnancy and were first diagnosed during pregnancy. What are the risk factors for GDM? Previous history of miscarriage, intrauterine death, abnormal fetus, giant baby; history of unexplained neonatal death; overweight or obese (body mass index ≥ 24); previous history of diabetes mellitus; family history of diabetes mellitus; recurrent vulvovaginal pseudomonal yeast disease during pregnancy; intermittent discovery of diabetes mellitus twice during pregnancy; age ≥ 30 years; number of pregnancies ≥ 3 times III. (a) It is recommended that all pregnant women be screened for GDM at 24-28 weeks of gestation. (b) The current test is the 75 gram glucose test (OGTT test): 1. Diagnostic criteria: fasting (5.1 mmol/L); 1 hour (10.0 mmol/L); 2 hours (8.5 mmol/L) and below, respectively, any point abnormalities are diagnosed as GDM. 2. Precautions: 3 days before OGTT normal diet, carbohydrate intake at 150- 200 grams or more, the day of the test, please come to the hospital before 9:00 fasting to draw the first fasting blood (requires fasting and drinking for 8-14 hours); the nurse for your configuration of sugar water, please drink within 5 minutes, from the first sip of sugar water to start timing, respectively, 1 hour and 2 hours after drinking sugar water and then draw blood once; 3 times after the completion of the blood draw before you can eat food, before you can not eat any food and drinks including plain water, you can The report of blood glucose test results will be issued in 2 days, please go to the automatic bill collection machine on the first or third floor to print out the report sheet, if there is an abnormality, it is recommended to go to the obstetrics clinic or nutrition clinic in time. (c) Early pregnancy check fasting blood sugar to exclude pre-pregnancy diabetes, if FPG (fasting blood sugar) ≥ 7.0mmol/L, HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin) ≥ 6.5%, or any blood sugar ≥ 11.0mmol/L and diabetic symptoms, the diagnosis of pre-pregnancy diabetes; simple any blood sugar ≥ 11.0mmol/L, FPG or HbA1c test is required. Fourth, GDM control target blood glucose is: preprandial blood glucose 5.3mmol/L; 1 hour postprandial blood glucose 7.8mmol/L; 2 hours postprandial blood glucose 6.7mmol/L; nighttime blood glucose not less than 3.3mmol/L; pregnancy HbA1C (glycated hemoglobin) <5.5%, it is reflecting the average blood glucose level in 2-3 months, and more closely related to preprandial blood glucose. V. Appropriate exercise and diet control can make most of GDM get better control and treatment. (a) Pregnancy diet: the calorie requirement in the early stage of pregnancy is the same as that in the non-pregnant period, no special calorie increase is needed; in the middle and late stages of pregnancy, the calorie requirement before pregnancy is increased by 200-400cal/d; during the lactation period, the calorie requirement is increased by about 500cal/d compared with that in the non-pregnant period. (2) Meal allocation principle: small amount and many meals, divide the daily food intake into 6 to 7 meals. If it is 7 meals calorie distribution is as follows: 20% for breakfast, 5% for extra meal in the morning, 25% for Chinese meal, 5% for extra meal in the afternoon, 25% for dinner, 5% for extra meal in the evening and 15% for extra meal before going to bed. (C) food composition: carbohydrates accounted for 50% to 60%, 20% protein, 25% to 30% fat. (iv) Appropriate exercise: it helps to improve the glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity of pregnant women with GDM. According to their own preferences and pre-pregnancy exercise habits to choose suitable for their own exercise. Recommended exercises include walking, swimming, yoga, upper body exercises, riding a stationary bicycle, anal exercise and health care exercises for pregnant women, etc. The recommended exercise time is at least 30 minutes each time. Suggestions: If you have an abnormal glucose tolerance, please go to the obstetrics clinic or nutrition clinic in time, and your doctor will recommend you to stay in our "Diabetes Day Ward", where the medical staff will give you specific guidance on diet, exercise and blood glucose testing, so that your treatment will be more effective!