The baby’s body is delicate and most sensitive, it is keenly sensitive to the change of seasons, the weather’s warmth and cold, and likewise very sensitive to foreign medicines, once the care or medication is not appropriate, often suddenly appear fever, rash and other symptoms, and even life-threatening emergencies, so that the young parents are panicked. Effectiveness is the primary goal of treatment, but safety is a prerequisite. Pediatrics are not the epitome of adulthood, and medication is not a matter of appropriately reducing the adult dose. Because children are in a period of growth and development, the nervous system, endocrine system and many organs are still not well developed, liver, kidney detoxification and detoxification function and the role of the blood-brain barrier is not sound, so children’s medication is very delicate, safe use of medication is especially important for children. The basic knowledge of pediatric medication safety Is it necessary to take medicine when the child is sick? Of course not. Some diseases can be recovered by adjusting diet, strengthening care and rest, such as cold and flu, mild diarrhea, etc., and do not necessarily need to use drugs to treat. So, what kind of illnesses need medication? It is difficult to generalize, and it is best to let the physician decide. Parents should not make their own decisions or even ask the physician to give injections or prescribe medicines. If you have to take medication, parents should pay attention to the method of feeding, general knowledge of medication should not be neglected. (1) Do not arbitrarily give children adult medicines. Because the composition and main treatment effect of adult medicine is set in stone, can not be symptomatic. Sometimes not only can not treat the symptoms, but also may affect the child’s health. (2) Do not increase or decrease the dose without authorization. Because the dose is based on the child’s weight, age, gender, method of administration, excretion rate, and the effect of the drug, changing the dosage will reduce the effectiveness of the drug. (3) Take the medication correctly according to the instructions in the prescription. For example, the medicine and syrup should be shaken well before use; the medicine should be protected from light and kept in a cool place; in summer, the medicine is easy to deteriorate or generate mayflies, so it should not be stored for too long. Drugs should be discarded if there is any marking off, discoloration, precipitation or turbidity of the solution. (4) Take medication at the right time. Take the medication at the time designated by the physician, such as before bedtime, after meals, between meals, at once, or as a temporary medication. (5) The medication should be placed in a high place to avoid accidental injury caused by accidental ingestion by the child. (6) Do not force the medication too much, and be careful to avoid choking into the airway, causing aspiration pneumonia or infarction. (7) Feeding method: For older children, try to communicate with them or encourage them to take the medicine by themselves. For some children who always refuse to take medicine, it may be better to secretly add the medicine into a drink so that they can drink it without realizing it. For smaller infants, parents can put the medicine or powder in an empty bottle with a small amount of water for the baby to suck on. Adverse Reactions to Commonly Used Pediatric Medications When a doctor prescribes a medication for a child, parents should be aware of what adverse reactions may be associated with the medication used, so that the first signs of an adverse drug reaction can be detected in time and the medication in question can be discontinued immediately in order to avoid a serious adverse drug reaction. So, what are the adverse reactions of commonly used pediatric drugs? (1) anti-infective drugs: penicillin in addition to allergic reactions, sodium salt large doses of rapid static injection can cause excessive sodium load resulting in congestive heart failure. In the application of ampicillin, diarrhea occurs in about 10%. Tetracycline accumulates in the body in bone and dentin, causing discoloration and enamel hypoplasia, and is contraindicated until the age of 7 years. Erythromycin inhibits the metabolism of theophyllines, thereby increasing the serum concentration of theophyllines to toxic levels. Gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and minomycin can cause auditory nerve and renal damage. Chloramphenicol may inhibit bone marrow hematopoiesis and increase the risk of gray baby syndrome. Isoniazid can cause liver damage, neuritis, cerebellar dysfunction and convulsions. (2) Antipyretic and analgesic drugs: Aspirin can cause pseudo allergic reactions such as bronchospasm, rhinitis and urticaria in allergic children; codeine can cause constipation. (3) anthelmintic drugs: piperazine (roundworm spirit) overdose can cause ataxia, nystagmus and reflex weakness. (4) Anticonvulsants: Phenobarbital may cause sleepiness in children. Too rapid an increase in the amount of amipramine can cause drowsiness, ataxia and diplopia. Once the serum concentration of phenytoin sodium reaches the level of intoxication, cerebellar dysfunction and seizures can occur, and thus generally not for children; long-term use of the drug can appear gingival hyperplasia and hirsutism. Valium can make apnea, hypotension and cardiac arrest, rectal administration is preferred. (6) Antiasthmatic drugs: Schwarzenegger can cause tremor, headache, dizziness, palpitations and tachycardia. Theophylline can cause insomnia, tremor, nervousness, irritability, too large a dose can cause generalized convulsions. (7) Hormones: can make the pediatric susceptibility to infectious diseases increase, centripetal obesity, hirsutism, hypertension and so on. (8) Cardiovascular drugs: Digoxin toxicity manifested as anorexia, nausea, sleepiness, visual impairment and arrhythmia. Cardioplegia causes bronchospasm. Tachycardia causes malnutrition and hypokalemia. What are the contraindications for children’s medication (1) Aspirin: Aspirin or aspirin-containing drugs do have a good antipyretic and analgesic effect on children with colds and fever. However, children under the age of 12 should be used with caution. Because they take aspirin is prone to Reye’s syndrome. Children suffering from influenza, chicken pox, taking aspirin leads to the chances of Reye’s syndrome, 25 times higher than other cases. (2) avoid overdose of vitamin A: vitamin A service, can affect the development of bone, so that the chondrocytes caused by the destruction of bone only thick and not long, so that the child becomes a long short. (3) avoid serving fast-acting cold capsules: infants and young children’s neurological development is not yet complete, the liver detoxification function is not sound, in the cold and fever, if you take a fast-acting cold capsules, easy to cause convulsions, thrombocytopenia, and even liver damage. (4) avoid indiscriminate use of tonic medicine: to children taking traditional Chinese medicine tonic (ginseng royal jelly, cordyceps extract, astragalus extract, etc.) phenomenon, in the past decade can be said to be commonplace. One of the most common and worse is that many Chinese medicine supplements contain hormones or hormonal substances, children taking medication, may appear precocious puberty. (5) Avoid abusing “C-globulin”: Some parents strongly urge to inject healthy children with “C-globulin”, believing that “C-globulin can cure or prevent many diseases”. It can cure or prevent many diseases” and “cure diseases and strengthen the body without diseases”. In fact, this is a wrong view. After injecting “C-globulin”, the human body can gain the ability to fight against certain infectious diseases, but the effect time can not be sustained, do not use it as an emergency prevention and treatment of various diseases; furthermore, C-globulin is the antibody in other people’s bodies, for themselves, it is a kind of heterozygous antigen, and repeated injections may have the opposite undesirable effect, so it should be used under the guidance of a doctor and should not be used casually. Therefore, it should be used under the guidance of a doctor and should not be applied casually. (6) Be careful with topical medicines: children’s skin is delicate, poorly developed stratum corneum, rich in blood vessels, so the local application of medicines or bathing with medicated water has a very strong absorption and penetration ability. Pediatric patients with skin diseases or skin disinfection is generally not suitable for the use of highly irritating drugs, such as salicylic acid, iodine, etc., so as not to make the skin blistering, peeling or corrosion. Infants and young children (up to 3 years old) are extremely sensitive to nasal drops (naphazoline), which can cause symptoms of poisoning. In addition, improper use of alcohol can also cause absorption of poisoning, such as pediatric hyperthermia with a large number of alcohol bath, can cause coma, respiratory distress; corticosteroid ointment can cause generalized edema when used externally over a large area. (7) newborns avoid using antipyretic drugs: newborn babies are more prone to fever, because of its thermoregulatory function is imperfect, warmth, sweating, heat dissipation function is poor. Because of the poor thermoregulatory function of newborns, after taking antipyretic drugs, often can make the body temperature suddenly drop, skin bruising, severe cases can also appear blood in the stool, vomiting blood, umbilical cord hemorrhage, cranial hemorrhage, etc., can be due to untimely rescue and death. The best way to deal with neonatal fever is physical cooling fever, such as exposure of limbs, pillow cold water bag, alcohol body rub, etc.. (8) children under 2 years of age as far as possible to avoid the use of drugs: chloramphenicol, phenethylpiperidine, odorless erythromycin, isoniazid, nalidixic acid (less than 3 months), furotoxin, sulfonamides (less than 2 months), tetracycline; caution or in the doctor’s close supervision of the use of drugs: androgens, piperazine-containing deworming medicines, aspirin, hormone medicines, nalidixic acid (more than 3 months), phenothiazines, Sulfonamides (over 2 months). In addition, children taking vitamin C should not eat pig liver and other foods rich in copper, because copper can promote the oxidation of vitamin C, so that it reduces or loses its effect. Avoid eating spinach and vegetable soup during pediatric calcium supplementation, because the oxalic acid in spinach and other green vegetables is easy to form calcium oxalate with calcium and precipitation, affecting the absorption and utilization of calcium.