Thoracoabdominal aortic coarctation refers to a condition in which the endothelium of the thoracoabdominal aorta is torn due to diseases such as syphilis, hypertension or congenital lesions of the aorta, such as Marfan syndrome, and blood enters the middle layer of the thoracoabdominal aorta and develops along the longitudinal axis of the thoracoabdominal aorta, dividing the thoracoabdominal aorta into true and false lumen states. Thoracoabdominal aortic coarctation belongs to type B of aortic coarctation, which is also a very urgent aortic surgical emergency that may result in aortic rupture and bleeding, leading to the risk of death. Therefore, thoracoabdominal aortic coarctation needs to be treated aggressively. Some patients with thoracoabdominal aortic coarctation are feasible for aortic overlay stent placement, which is less invasive and has a faster recovery. For patients who cannot undergo stenting, treatment such as surgery should be actively chosen to prevent the occurrence of adverse consequences such as death.