I. Concept
To equip patients and families with management methods that can reduce losses.
Rehabilitative means to return to the pre-onset level of cognitive function.
Learning compensatory means that can compensate for lost function.
II. Modalities
Individual therapy, group training, social activities, etc.
III. Principles
Maintain existing functions as much as possible.
Selecting training contents according to the degree of the condition.
Appropriate difficulty, from easy to difficult.
Combine life and training.
Mobilizing the patient’s interests.
Respect, understanding, and encouragement.
Regularity and persistence.
IV. Performance of patients of various degrees
(A) Mild patients
1.Maintain the existing living ability.
2.Improve the patient’s cognitive impairment or delay the decline through intelligent training and encourage the patient to complete it by himself.
3.Encourage patients to adhere to their hobbies.
(B) Moderate patients
1.Maintain the existing living ability.
2.Through the training of operational procedures such as dressing, brushing teeth, toileting and eating, the patient can basically maintain normal daily life.
3.Selecting less difficult items that can be completed with assistance.
4.Encourage patients to adhere to their hobbies.
(III) Severe patients
1.Assist the patient to maintain the existing living ability.
2.Good care.
V. Memory training and examples of methods
(A) Memory training
1.Instantaneous memory
(1) Home or children’s phone numbers.
(2) Short-term memory.
(3) Small items (watches, keys, candy, buttons, etc.)
(4) Fruits
2.Long-term memory
(1) Contents of yesterday’s TV.
(2) Yesterday’s meal.
(3) Item cards (can be named, written, memorized, etc.)
(B) memory training method examples
Example 1]
1. Place 3-5 picture cards with familiar items in daily life in front of the patient, look at each card for 5 seconds, then put the cards away and ask the patient to say or write the name of the item seen with a pen.
2. Repeat several times and gradually increase the number of cards to delay recall by repeated training.
【Example 2
1.Place a city map in front of the patient and tell the patient to walk from a certain place through the streets in it and stop at a certain point.
2. Then ask the patient to start from the termination point and return to the starting point by the same route.
3, repeated practice, such as a number of consecutive error-free, you can gradually increase the difficulty, such as lengthening the distance, more detours, etc.
【Example 3
1.Let the patient listen to the radio or watch TV, and afterwards say the main content of listening and watching.
2, or let the patient remember the day of the month and day of the week, as well as remember the seasons, festivals, holidays, etc., and ask often, so that the patient can answer.
Sixth, sobriety therapy
(a) Watch and discuss with the patient his favorite and most familiar things
1.Old photos.
2.Old friends.
3.Old songs.
4.Movies.
5.Books, etc.
(ii) Help patients to recall the past and stimulate their emotions and distant memories
VII. Comprehensive ability
1. training in analytical and synthesis skills.
2. pictures and word categorization.
3. animals.
4. plants.
5. household objects.
6.Graphic classification.
Eight, comprehension and expression skills training
1.Reading and narrating the contents of books and newspapers.
2.Narrating the content of television.
3.Speaking from pictures.
Nine, numeracy training
1.Numeracy.
2.Compare how much (fruits, chopsticks, peanuts, fruits, etc.).
3. simple family consumption accounts (grocery shopping, bookkeeping of daily necessities).
4. numeracy exercises and cards for children.
5.Arrange numbers.
X. Implementation of operational skills
1, logic, application, judgment skills.
2.Building blocks according to drawings.
3.Puzzles.
4.Paper and cards.
5.Maze.
Eleven, attention control ability
1.Choosing vegetables.
2.Word study and calligraphy.
3.Fishing toys.
4.Remove quiz.
XII. Orientation training
(I) Time orientation
When contacting with the patient, repeatedly proclaim some basic knowledge of life, and ask the patient to tell the date, time, morning and afternoon, weather, etc., so that the patient gradually form the concept of time.
(B) Place orientation
Familiarize yourself with the location of the room, where you are located, and set easy-to-understand and eye-catching signs in the bedroom and bathroom for serious patients.
(C) Person orientation
Names of visitors, family relations; names of photos on photo albums, family relations; names of great people, related knowledge.
XIII. Functional training
Life self-care training
1.Wake up on time, comb hair, brush teeth, wash face, dress, bathe, go to the toilet, take medicine, take meals, wash dishes for own use, wipe the table, make the bed, and other contents.
2. Repeated instruction, continuous reinforcement, demonstration and simulation.
XIV. Precautions
1.Maintain good communication with patients.
2.More conversation and patient listening.
3.Encourage patients to express more and participate more.
4.Giving patients as much external information as possible.
5.Progressive, regular, and persistent.