I. Overview of Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation medicine is an emerging discipline, a new concept that emerged in the mid-20th century. It is a medical discipline that seeks to eliminate and alleviate human functional disorders, compensate and reconstruct human functional deficiencies, and seek to improve and enhance all aspects of human functions, that is, the prevention, diagnosis, assessment, treatment, training and management of functional disorders. Sports therapy is an important element and tool of modern rehabilitation medicine.
Rehabilitation medicine is a medical discipline related to the promotion of rehabilitation of people with disabilities and patients. More specifically, rehabilitation medicine is a medical discipline that applies prevention, diagnosis and evaluation, treatment, training and management of functional disorders for the purpose of rehabilitation. Rehabilitation medicine is called the third medicine (clinical medicine as the first medicine and preventive medicine as the second medicine). In the modern medical system, prevention, medical treatment and rehabilitation have been interlinked to form a unified body. Rehabilitation medicine began after the Second World War, and originally took disabled people as the main service target. Modern rehabilitation medicine is the development of the last half century, its development is the inevitable trend of human medical career development, but also the result of modern scientific and technological progress.
Rehabilitation medicine is a new branch of medical discipline, mainly involves the use of physical factors and methods (including electricity, light, heat, sound, mechanical devices and active activities) to diagnose, treat and prevent disabilities and diseases (including pain), research to make sick, injured, disabled people physically, mentally, socially and professionally rehabilitated, eliminate or reduce functional impairment, help them to play residual functions, restore their ability to live It is the study of rehabilitation of the sick, injured, and disabled to eliminate or reduce their functional impairment, help them to perform their residual functions, restore their living ability, and work ability to return to society. Rehabilitation medicine is a new discipline formed by the gradual development of physical therapy and physical medicine. Since physical factors and physical therapy have traditionally been the main means of diagnosis, physical therapy, occupational therapy and related treatment, the English expressions of rehabilitation medicine have physical as the root word, Physiatrics, physiatry (USA, Canada), physicalmedicine (UK, North and South America), and physical therapy and rehabitition. Physicalmedicineandrehabitition(USA,New ZealandandAustralia). In Japan, rehabilitation is used. Rehabilitation medicine is mainly for the chronically ill and disabled, and emphasizes functional rehabilitation, but also physical rehabilitation, so that patients can recover not only physically, but also psychologically and spiritually. Its focus is not only to preserve the life of the disabled, but also to restore their functions, improve their quality of life, return to society and lead a meaningful life.
The word rehabilitation is a combination of the word re, the word habilis and the word aation. Where re- means to regain, habilis means to enable or adapt, and ation is the result of a state of behavior. Thus, rahabilitation means to regain ability or to adapt to a normal social life. Rehabilitation is used in the field of modern medicine and refers to the restoration of physical and mental functions, occupational abilities, and social life. Subsequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Rehabilitation (1969) defined rehabilitation as follows: “Rehabilitation is the integrated and coordinated application of medical, social, educational and vocational measures to train and retrain patients to the highest possible level of competence. The purpose of rehabilitation has evolved over the decades to become more clearly defined as social reintegration. Thus, in 1981 the WHO Expert Committee on Medical Rehabilitation defined rehabilitation as: “Rehabilitation is the application of all useful measures to alleviate the effects of disability and to reintegrate persons with disabilities into society. In a 1993 official WHO document, “Rehabilitation is the process of helping a sick or disabled person to develop his or her fullest physical, mental, social, vocational, recreational and educational potential within the limits of his or her physical or anatomical impairment and to the extent that environmental conditions permit, and in accordance with his or her wishes and life plan. “
II. Rehabilitation ≠ Recovery
In our language, Rehab (Rehabitation) is synonymous with recovery after illness. Recovery generally refers to the decline in health after illness, and after treatment and rest, health returns to the level before illness, that is, 100% recovery is achieved. However, Rehabitation refers to the decline in health after injury or illness, although actively dealt with, but has formed a disability, the health level recovery is less than the original level of the situation, that is, less than 100% recovery. Our country has traditionally used rehabilitation as a synonym for complete “recovery” from illness, which makes our understanding of rehabilitation quite different from that of the international community. This is noteworthy. In Hong Kong, Rehabitation is translated as rehabilitation; in Taiwan, it is translated as rehabilitation, which we should also pay attention to.
3. The field of rehabilitation
These include “medical rehabilitation” (the use of medical means to promote rehabilitation), “educational rehabilitation” (through special education and training to promote rehabilitation), “vocational rehabilitation” (vocational rehabilitation, restoration of employment, (vocational rehabilitation), and “social rehabilitation” (social rehabilitation, measures related to social life at the social level to promote the reintegration of people with disabilities into society). Achieving rehabilitation in the above four areas is also called “comprehensive rehabilitation”.
IV. Rehabilitation Medicine
1.Definition: Rehabilitation medicine is a medical discipline that studies the rehabilitation of people with disabilities and patients. Its purpose is to enable the sick and disabled to get maximum recovery as soon as possible through physical therapy, exercise therapy, life training, skills training, speech training and psychological counseling, so that the residual part of the body can function to the fullest, to achieve the maximum possible self-care, labor and work ability. To lay the foundation for the sick and disabled to return to society.
2, the composition of rehabilitation medicine: basic rehabilitation, rehabilitation disability (the core of the discipline system, pillar), clinical rehabilitation assessment and clinical rehabilitation therapy.
3, the object of rehabilitation medicine research: the functional impairment and limited ability caused by injury or illness of the sick and disabled, as well as the elderly people with limited activity.
V. Basic principles
The three basic principles of rehabilitation medicine: functional exercise, comprehensive rehabilitation, and social reintegration.
The American psychologist Maslow put forward the theory of needs in the 1950s, which believes that people have five kinds of needs.
(1) Physiological needs, including food, thirst, sex, and sleep.
② Security needs, including the need for their own security and property security, such as the need for social security, life and property security, a better living environment, and old age.
③Social needs, including the need for love, friendship, group life, social activities
④Respect needs, including self-respect and respect for others, from self-respect to self-evaluation, personal talent, personal achievement motivation, etc. Respect for others generates the pursuit of reputation and status and the desire for power, etc.
⑤ The need for self-actualization, which is a person’s need to realize his or her ideal ambition, is a higher human need.
These five basic needs are arranged into different levels according to their importance, starting with physiological needs, followed by security, social, respect, and self-actualization needs. Disabled people also have the same needs and can stay at some intermediate stage, so they need comprehensive rehabilitation, not only functional training, but also comprehensive and overall rehabilitation in physical, psychological, occupational and social life, and finally reintegration into society.
VI. Composition and working methods
1, the difference between rehabilitation assessment and diagnosis: assessment is different from diagnosis, far more detailed and detailed than diagnosis. Since the object of rehabilitation medicine is the patient and his or her dysfunction, the purpose is to restore, rebuild or compensate his or her function to the maximum extent. Rehabilitation assessment is not to find the cause and diagnosis of the disease, but to objectively and accurately assess the cause, nature, location, scope, severity, development trend, prognosis and regression of the dysfunction, so as to lay a solid scientific foundation for the rehabilitation treatment plan.
2.The common methods of rehabilitation therapy techniques are: physical therapy (PT), occupational therapy (OT), speech therapy (ST), psychological counseling and therapy, cultural and physical therapy, Chinese traditional therapy, rehabilitation engineering, rehabilitation nursing, and social services.
3.The working style of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine is: using multi-disciplinary joint cooperation.
4.The rehabilitation therapy team (team work) of the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine is headed by a physical medicine and rehabilitation physician (physiatrist), and its members include a physical therapist/sergeant (PT), an occupational therapist/sergeant (OT), a speech therapist (ST), a psychotherapist, a prosthetist and orthotist (P&O), a cultural and physical therapist (RT), and a social worker (SW).
Work forms.
1.Medical rehabilitation
2.Community rehabilitation
3.Rehab Engineering
4.Educational rehabilitation
5.Rehab nursing
6.Vocational rehabilitation
7.Rehab education