Diabetes mellitus is divided into type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes occurs mostly in adolescents, who lack insulin secretion and must rely on insulin therapy to maintain their lives. type 2 diabetes is mostly seen in middle-aged and elderly people after the age of 30, whose insulin secretion is not low or even high, and the cause is mainly insulin insensitivity (i.e. insulin resistance) of the body. Gestational diabetes is caused by insulin resistance in the cells, but the insulin resistance is due to the hormones (hormones) secreted by women during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes usually resolves spontaneously after delivery. Insulin is the only blood sugar-lowering hormone in the body secreted by the beta cells of the human pancreas. Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body’s peripheral tissues become less sensitive to insulin, tissues become insensitive to insulin, and peripheral tissues such as muscle and fat become resistant to insulin’s action of promoting glucose uptake. It has been found that insulin resistance is prevalent in type 2 diabetes, accounting for almost 90% or more, and may be one of the main factors in the development of type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes rarely develop chronic complications within 5 years of diagnosis; in contrast, patients with type 2 diabetes already have chronic complications prior to diagnosis. According to statistics, 50% of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients already have one or more chronic complications, and some patients are only found to have diabetes because of complications. Therefore, the pharmacological treatment of diabetes should be directed at its etiology, focusing on improving insulin resistance and the protection of pancreatic beta-cell function, and drugs that can improve insulin resistance must be used. These drugs are mainly insulin sensitizers, so that diabetic patients can receive timely, effective and fundamental treatment and prevent the occurrence and development of chronic complications of diabetes. Insulin sensitizers can increase the sensitivity of the body to its own insulin, so that its own insulin can be “revived” and give full play to its function, thus enabling blood glucose to be taken up and used by the body’s tissue cells again, causing blood glucose to drop and achieving the purpose of long-term stable and comprehensive control of blood glucose, so that the body can enjoy its own secretion of insulin for a long time. Insulin. Diabetes treatment must be premised on diet control and exercise therapy. Diabetic patients should avoid eating sugar and sugary foods, reduce the consumption of high-fat and high-cholesterol foods, eat high-fiber and starchy foods in moderation, and eat smaller and more frequent meals. The choice of exercise should be made under the guidance of a doctor, and as much as possible, whole body exercise should be done, including walking and jogging. Appropriate insulin sensitizer drugs should be applied on this basis instead of overuse of drugs that stimulate insulin secretion in order to achieve long-term effective blood sugar control.