The first implantations of an absorbable antimicrobial envelope paired with a deep brain electrical stimulation (DBS) system. The implantation was performed by Francisco Ponce, M.D., director of the Neuromodulation Center at the Barrow Neurological Institute in Phoenix. The TYRX neuroabsorbable antimicrobial envelope was used in conjunction with an implantable neurostimulator (INS). The product is already available throughout the United States as an option for use with all DBS systems. In the next few months, there are plans to make the TYRX Absorbable Antimicrobial Envelope an option for implantable neurostimulators for the treatment of chronic pain and bladder and bowel control disorders. The TYRX Absorbable Antimicrobial Envelope is a mesh envelope that securely encases an INS or cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) and is designed to stabilize the implanted device while providing a slow release of two anti-microbial agents (minocycline and rifampin) for at least seven days to help prevent surgical site infections associated with high complications, high mortality and high costs. ”The TYRX neuroabsorbable antimicrobial envelope is a much needed and long awaited solution to prevent the risk of infection associated with implantable neurostimulators. It will become the standard of care in my practice,” said Dr. Ponce, “I am excited about this technology and the potential clinical and economic value it can provide to our patients, procedures, and healthcare system.” The TYRX absorbable antimicrobial envelope is fully absorbed by the body within nine weeks of implantation.The TYRX absorbable antimicrobial envelope is FDA approved for use in CIEDs (pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices) and INS systems (deep brain electrical stimulators, sacral nerve stimulators, spinal cord stimulators and vagus nerve stimulators). In terms of applicability to CIEDs, TYRX has also received CE marking from the European Union. Medtronic acquired TYRX, based in the United States, in January 2014.