Esophageal reflux symptoms are typically characterized by acid reflux and heartburn, accompanied by retrosternal pain, painful swallowing, or extraesophageal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, coughing, and hoarseness. GERD is a disease in which the lumen of the gastroesophagus is damaged by excessive contact or exposure to gastric juices, causing damage to the esophageal mucosa and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Its causes mainly include bacterial infection, viral infection, chemical factors, etc. Its main clinical manifestations are as follows: 1. Reflux:Without nausea or exertion, gastric contents of GERD patients naturally flow toward the pharynx and mouth, sometimes with acidic regurgitation. 2. Heartburn: It often occurs 1 hour after meals, and refers to a burning sensation under the raphe or behind the sternum, which carries on extending from the lower part of the sternum all the way upwards. 3. Retrosternal pain: caused by reflux irritation of the esophagus. 4. Painful swallowing or dysphagia: intermittent if caused by esophageal spasm or dysfunction, and characterized by persistent or progressive aggravation if caused by esophageal stricture. 5. Extra-esophageal symptoms: mainly include nausea, vomiting, coughing and hoarseness. They are mainly caused by the irritation or damage of refluxed material to tissues or organs outside the esophagus, such as pharyngitis, chronic cough, asthma, etc. In severe cases, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and other symptoms may occur. In severe cases, pulmonary fibrosis and aspiration pneumonia may also occur. If patients have symptoms of esophageal reflux, they should consult a doctor in time for appropriate treatment to avoid delaying their condition.