Sigmoid colon mucosal congestion and edema is mostly considered to be the emergence of acute and chronic enteritis or gastrointestinal dysfunction, etc., which can be treated by drugs, surgery and other methods. At the same time, pay attention to daily care. 1. Drugs: due to dietary impurity or too much stimulation leads to sigmoid colon mucosa congestion, edema, causing acute and chronic enteritis. Rifaximin, acyclovir tablets, mesalazine suppositories and other medicines can be chosen for treatment according to the doctor’s instructions. 2. Life management: In daily life, we should pay attention to avoiding the intake of tobacco, alcohol, spicy and stimulating food, avoiding overeating, choosing easy-to-digest, vitamin-rich food in diet, and maintaining personal hygiene. 3. Surgery: If the congestion and edema are caused by tumor and other factors, which can not be relieved by medication, it can be treated by intestinal resection or colostomy surgery and other methods. Appearance of sigmoid colon mucosal congestion and edema need to be combined with other examinations and clinical manifestations of comprehensive judgment, decide the way of treatment, do not self-medication.