Early benign myoclonus in infants, also known as benign nonepileptic infantile spasms is a specific motor manifestation that occurs in healthy infants and appears between 1 and 12 months of age, with 90% between 3 and 9 months. It is more common in boys than in girls. It can have various manifestations, such as repeated head nodding; rapid shaking or tonic-like contractions of the head, both upper limbs and shoulders, similar to warlike movements; and occasional head nodding with symmetrical or asymmetrical flexion or extension-like movements of the upper limbs. The attack may be accompanied by blinking. Each seizure lasts 2-4s and may occur singly or in a series, several times a day, but usually no seizures during sleep. The child’s consciousness is not impaired during the seizure and the reaction is normal. Sometimes the seizure can be triggered by feeding, urination, emotional excitement, etc. Some children can be teased to imitate the seizure. Psychomotor development is normal Neurological examination and various laboratory tests are normal. EEG is normal during interictal period (waking and sleeping periods) and seizure period. Symptoms usually disappear after 12 to 18 months, with a good long-term prognosis and no special treatment is required. Mild neurodevelopmental problems are also present in a few cases. The disorder is a transient benign motor symptom in infancy, but many are misdiagnosed as infantile spasms and receive unnecessary antiepileptic drugs or even hormonal therapy. The main factors leading to misdiagnosis are: 1) overlap of the age of onset of symptoms with infantile spasms; 2) similarity of seizure presentation with infantile spasms; 3) misdiagnosis of the normal high amplitude slow waves of the infant EEG during sleep as “high arrhythmia”; 4) diagnosis of the developmental features of the infantile brain MRI as “extracerebral The developmental features of brain MRI in infancy were diagnosed as “extracerebral hydrocephalus” or “cerebral dysplasia”. The difference between this syndrome and infantile spasms is that infantile spasms are usually seen after waking up from sleep or during sleepiness, without any other trigger, and they often appear as typical ball-holding, bowing, or knife-folding seizures. The EEG is highly dysrhythmic during the interictal period, with brief high amplitude slow wave bursts followed by low amplitude fast wave activity or desynchronization patterns for several seconds.