The prevalence of Hp infection in our population is among the highest in the world, about 30 percentage points higher than that in the United States. Hp infection is closely related to the development of proliferative lesions in the stomach and gastric cancer. Therefore, the “Hp infection control education campaign” is very necessary. The etiology of gastric cancer is multifactorial, but H. pylori (HP) infection, diet and genetics are very important causes. Studies have shown that eradication of H. pylori infection can reduce the risk of gastric cancer. For patients who have already suffered from gastric cancer, treatment of H. pylori infection is an important means to prevent the recurrence of gastric cancer. The results of a survey on H. pylori infection in the natural population in China by the Chinese H. pylori Research Collaborative Group show that HP infection is mainly related to living environment and living habits, and human-to-human transmission is an important transmission route, with HP infection rates as high as 64.39% among children living in groups with poor hygiene. HP infection in children mainly comes from older family members. The larger the family size, the higher the HP infection rate. Those who eat out a lot, those with poor personal hygiene habits, and those who drink contaminated water are prone to HP infection. The results of an epidemiological survey show that in families with children infected with H. pylori, 57% of both parents are infected with the bacteria, and another 43% are infected with Hp, i.e., almost all children with Hp infection are transmitted from parents. Of course, mutual transmission between husband and wife is inevitable. We should know the “chain of transmission” of H. pylori: “Hp-infected persons – close contact with oral transmission – people at risk of Hp infection”. As with other infectious diseases of the digestive tract, the key to preventing H. pylori infection is to keep the “disease from the mouth” gate. For example, it is important to wash hands before and after meals, to be hygienic in eating, especially cold food, and to adopt “meal sharing” and “communal chopsticks” when eating in groups. Nowadays, there are a lot of dinners, so it is important to develop good dining habits. If you cannot do “sharing” for the time being, you should use “public chopsticks” and “public spoons”, which is the minimum requirement. The bad habit of “one bowl of soup for all” must be changed. So, how do we know if we have Hp infection? It’s simple. The “breath test” can easily detect whether you have Hp infection or not. The breath test, with its advantages of being non-invasive, rapid, sensitive, reliable, and repeatable, is widely used in the diagnosis of Hp infection. H. pylori produces abundant urease, which breaks down urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide, and the human body lacks urease. Because of this, the urea in a person who is not infected with H. pylori will not be broken down into ammonia and carbon dioxide. The breath test uses this principle to replace the carbon in the urea molecule with its isotope 14C. After the subject takes 14C-urea capsule orally, if there is Hp infection in the stomach, the urea will be decomposed by the urease produced by Hp, and 14C will be excreted as 14CO2 in the form of exhaled breath. If there is no Hp infection in the stomach, 14C-urea is mostly excreted in its original form with urine, and the 14C count in the exhaled breath remains low and does not rise abnormally. If Hp infection is found in the examination, the patient should go to gastroenterology department for standardized treatment in time to eradicate Hp infection as soon as possible. In the follow-up of gastric cancer patients after treatment, checking Hp infection is a mandatory index for the follow-up. Once Hp infection is found, it should be treated in time. Effective control of Hp infection is one of the effective measures to prevent recurrence of gastric cancer.