After biliary atresia surgery there is still a general difference from normal. The reason is that although the surgery can prolong the life of the child, it cannot reverse the damage to the liver and the progressive cirrhosis, and the following complications may occur after the surgery: cholangitis, dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts or cysts, esophagogastric fundal varices, and hepatic-pulmonary syndromes. Therefore, it is generally difficult to be the same as normal people after surgery. As for children with biliary atresia who want to have long-term survival, about 70% of them eventually need liver transplantation before they can realize it. Those who receive liver transplantation and subsequent treatment will have a better prognosis and basically can survive for a long time. The poor prognosis of biliary atresia is related to the following factors: type of biliary atresia, associated malformations, late surgery, recurrent postoperative cholangitis, and severe liver fibrosis. Children with biliary atresia should be given intensive postoperative nutritional support and regular postoperative follow-up. If the child has liver failure and the ascites increases rapidly, liver transplantation should be considered promptly to buy time for the survival of the child.