Thalassemia screening refers to the screening for thalassemia. Thalassemia is the most common and harmful genetic disease in the southern provinces of China, with an incidence of more than 10% of the population. There are two main types of thalassemia: alpha and beta. Alpha thalassemia is more common, and the screening includes: i. Couples who have ever given birth to a child with intermediate and heavy alpha or beta thalassemia. ii. Both husband and wife are carriers of mild β thalassemia. Both spouses are carriers of mild alpha. Fourth, one of the spouses is a mild alpha carrier, and the spouse is a mild beta carrier with alpha alpha alpha carrier. Fifth, one of the spouses is a light alpha thalassemia, the other spouse is an intermediate alpha thalassemia, thalassemia, a serious threat to eugenics, the need to do a good job of screening for thalassemia, to ensure a high degree of attention in thought and fruitful action. It is necessary to establish sound institutions, strengthen the training of technical forces, improve the accuracy of screening, strengthen the work of marriage inspection, improve the quality of service, and ensure eugenics and eugenics.