Fever is a common clinical condition in which the body’s thermoregulatory center moves upward in response to a thermogenic agent, causing a regulated temperature increase. It is a defense response of the body against various pathogenic factors, and when the body temperature rises, the antibodies and phagocytes in the body become more active. However, fever can cause excessive energy consumption and discomfort, and even convulsions can occur. Therefore, we can choose antipyretic drugs reasonably according to the clinical situation. When applying antipyretic and analgesic drugs, the dosage should be strictly controlled to avoid abuse, and the elderly should reduce the dosage appropriately. The dose should not be increased or the administration time shortened arbitrarily, so as not to cause deficiency due to a large amount of sweating and a sharp drop in body temperature. In fever and taking antipyretic drugs, you should drink more water and replenish electrolytes in time. Fever reduction is purely symptomatic treatment and does not relieve the fever-causing cause of the disease, so it is also important to actively search for the cause. Since changing the body temperature after medication may mask the disease and affect the diagnosis of the disease, attention should be paid to it. The following is an inventory of several common clinical antipyretic drugs: 1. acetaminophen For children over 3 months of age, its selective inhibition of central COX, peripheral inhibition is very weak, is a safe antipyretic drugs, its antipyretic effect is proportional to the dose. Acetaminophen is safe at reasonable doses, with occasional nausea, vomiting, sweating, abdominal pain, etc. Rarely, dermatitis, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, etc. may occur. However, excessive doses can cause damage to liver and kidney function, so the dose should be strictly observed when using, not to overdose, severe renal insufficiency is prohibited. The dose for children is 10-15 mg per kg of body weight, once every 4-6 hours. 2.Ibuprofen is suitable for children ≥ 6 months of age. Ibuprofen has a strong antipyretic effect and may cause a lot of sweating in the process of reducing fever, therefore, when using ibuprofen to reduce fever, attention should be paid to whether the child is dehydrated, insufficient intake, etc. Also, ibuprofen is excreted through the kidneys, so it should be used with caution in patients with severe renal insufficiency. It is safe to use ibuprofen according to the recommended dose, and common adverse reactions are digestive tract adverse reactions. The dose for children is 5-10 mg per kg of body weight every 6-8 hours. Representative drugs have ibuprofen suspension, sweet taste, suitable for children to take. 3.Lysine is the compound salt of aspirin and lysine, and its mechanism of action is the same as that of aspirin. It is administered intravenously or intramuscularly, which reduces or avoids the occurrence of gastrointestinal reactions. It has strong antipyretic effect, fast onset of action and moderate effect, but it is not recommended as the first choice of antipyretic drugs for children. Long-term application may induce Richter’s syndrome may even induce anaphylaxis and severe asthma attacks. For intravenous antipyretic, the dose is generally 10-20mg/kg, not more than 4 times in 24 hours, and the interval should not be less than 4h. 4, aspirin This is an old antipyretic drug, which has been used since 1899. Its antipyretic effect is strong, but the side effects are large, mainly gastrointestinal bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and its most serious side effect is Richter’s syndrome, the death rate of 30%. In the UK, aspirin is clearly prohibited for children under 6 years old, so it is not recommended to be used as an antipyretic in children. At present, this drug is also basically eliminated in domestic pediatrics, but can be used only for children with rheumatic fever, juvenile arthritis and Kawasaki disease. 5.Anacin Specifications are injections and tablets, and the use of anacin is currently banned or restricted in 27 countries. Anacin is eliminated as an antipyretic because it may cause serious adverse reactions, these serious adverse reactions include: triggering fatal granulocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, etc., as well as skin can cause urticaria, severe exfoliative dermatitis, epidermolysis bullosa, also due to these serious adverse reactions, in many countries Anacin is limited to only by Because of these serious adverse effects, in many countries Anacin is limited to severe pain or fever that is not treated with other drugs, therefore, whether adults or children, the first choice for common fever should not be Anacin. In May 2011, the State Food and Drug Administration amended the instructions for the oral preparation of Nimesulide to explicitly prohibit the use of the drug in children under 12 years of age. 7, diclofenac It plays its pharmacological role by inhibiting prostate synthesis, its analgesic and antipyretic effect is obvious, 26 to 50 times stronger than aspirin, strong efficacy, less adverse reactions, small dose, little individual differences, used for various inflammatory diseases caused by fever. The commonly used diclofenac sodium suppository is a drug inserted from the anus, which is mainly absorbed by the rectum and has a relatively rapid effect. However, it is currently considered contraindicated in children under 14 years of age. Is it possible to reduce fever with hormones? Hormonal drugs such as dexamethasone are not antipyretics per se, but can also suppress the immune function of the body. Because it inhibits the release of thermogenic agents and reduces the sensitivity of the temperature center, it can achieve an immediate cooling effect. But “fast” fever reduction may not be good! The “Guidelines for Clinical Application of Glucocorticoids” formulated by the former Ministry of Health clearly stipulates that “the use of glucocorticoids without clear indications is strictly limited, and glucocorticoids cannot be used solely for the purpose of reducing fever.” Except for those with acute inflammatory response syndrome and serious illness. They are even more contraindicated in children who are suffering from chickenpox. Children should pay attention to the use of antipyretic drugs 1, antipyretic drugs are still the first to acetaminophen and ibuprofen, is currently the most commonly used and is currently considered the most suitable for children to use antipyretic drugs. It is only recommended that one can be used in the course of each disease, and it is not recommended that the two be applied alternately or in combination. 2, acetaminophen ≥ 2-3 months of age infants can be applied, when the two antipyretic drugs between the interval of 6 hours. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen can be used for infants ≥6 months of age. 3.How to reduce fever in infants <3 months old? Most antipyretics are suitable for children over 3 months of age. For infants <3 months of age, the consensus of most guidelines is to recommend physical cooling methods or gentle herbal medicine to reduce fever. 4. WHO recommends the use of safe antipyretic drugs when the anal temperature of children is higher than 38.5℃. Nowadays, many doctors and parents in the clinic also take antipyretics as soon as possible to lower the temperature when it exceeds 38.5℃, but the view of the Evidence-based Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Several Problems of Acute Fever of Unknown Etiology in Children Aged 0-5 Years in China is that the purpose of antipyretics is to improve the child's comfort level. When the child's body temperature has exceeded 38.5°C and he or she is still in very good spirits with no signs of discomfort, there is no need to use antipyretic. When the child's body temperature has not reached 38.5℃, but can be poor in spirit, dizziness, headache, aching limbs and other kinds of discomfort, or irritability, irritability or fatigue, depression, etc., can be given timely antipyretic drugs. Of course, some parents are nervous to see their children fever, this time can also be appropriate to consider the use of antipyretic drugs. 5, physical cooling (warm water baths, alcohol body rubs, etc.) is no longer recommended. Although warm water baths will help the body temperature drop, but will increase the child's discomfort, so it is recommended not to use the best. Alcohol baths are also not recommended because of the many problems associated with them. However, for fever reduction in infants <3 months of age, physical cooling methods (except alcohol baths) may be used at your discretion because antipyretics are not appropriate.