Heart replacement surgery refers to heart transplantation, which is usually considered to be more harmful and risky, with common complications such as intraoperative hemorrhage, postoperative right heart failure, and infection. Heart transplantation surgery in the clinic belongs to the fourth level of surgery, its surgical risk is higher, complications are diverse, and usually patients need intensive care in the early postoperative period, so the harm of heart transplantation surgery is usually considered to be relatively high. According to relevant authoritative information, common complications in heart transplantation surgery include hemorrhage, arrhythmia, and so on. In addition, after heart transplantation, some patients may suffer from right heart failure, infection, respiratory insufficiency, transplant rejection, etc., which can be life-threatening if not treated in time. Heart transplantation is mainly used to treat patients with end-stage heart disease, whose life expectancy is less than 12 months and for whom conventional treatments are ineffective. To summarize, if a patient needs a heart transplant, the patient and his/her family need to be psychologically prepared, adjust their mindset and actively cooperate with the doctor.