Schizophrenia is a group of severe psychiatric disorders of unknown etiology, most often with a slow or subacute onset in young adults, and often manifests clinically as a syndrome of varying symptoms involving multiple impairments in perception, thinking, emotion and behavior, as well as incoordination of mental activities. Patients are generally conscious and have basically normal intelligence, but some patients may experience impairment of cognitive function during the course of the disease. Treatment and prevention methods are as follows: I. Treatment of schizophrenia 1. Antipsychotic medication In the treatment of schizophrenia, medication plays a key role. Antipsychotic drugs can effectively and rapidly control acute and chronic schizophrenia. It is customary to clinically classify commonly used antipsychotics into two categories, typical and atypical antipsychotics, and there is no strict definition or boundary for this classification. Typical antipsychotics mainly refer to phenothiazines, thiazides and butylphenols. Atypical antipsychotics mainly refer to clozapine, sulpiride, risperidone, olanzapine and others. The spectrum of action of these two classes of drugs is similar and their efficacy is comparable, but the typical antipsychotics have more side effects and are more serious, especially extrapyramidal reactions are more prominent. Atypical antipsychotics have fewer side effects, except for clozapine, which occasionally causes more severe granulocyte deficiency. In recent years, some new atypical antipsychotics have been marketed abroad, such as Olanzapine, which has fewer side effects and is comparable to clozapine in efficacy, and is more popular abroad, but because of its high price, it is not yet commonly used in China. 2, electroconvulsive therapy Electroconvulsive therapy, also known as electroconvulsive therapy, is a treatment method that uses a certain amount of electric current through the brain to cause epileptiform discharges in the central nervous system and produce generalized convulsive seizures. It is mainly adapted to schizophrenia and affective disorders that are more severe. This treatment was widely used in the 1940s because of its simplicity and reliability, and in the 1950s because of the introduction of antipsychotic drugs, the use of this treatment became less frequent. However, clinical experience has shown that electroconvulsive therapy is still a worthwhile treatment option for patients who are extremely agitated, have injurious or self-injurious behaviors, and have poor drug efficacy. Especially in recent years, the modified non-convulsive electroconvulsive therapy established on the basis of the use of muscle relaxants has broadened the scope of adaptation of this therapy. And easily accepted by most patients and their families, but it is still contraindicated when accompanied by serious cardiac or intracranial lesions. 3, other treatment Some psychotherapy, Chinese medicine, psychosurgery treatment for some subtypes or a certain stage of schizophrenia also has a certain effect, clinical application can be selected according to the actual situation, but these treatments mostly require the combination of antipsychotic drugs on the basis. In addition, in the past there is still insulin shock therapy, because of the side effects, has now been eliminated. Second, the prevention of schizophrenia Before there are effective measures for the primary prevention of schizophrenia, the focus of prevention should be on early detection and treatment and relapse prevention. Therefore, knowledge about the prevention and treatment of mental diseases should be popularized, and institutions and organizations for the prevention and treatment of mental diseases should be established, so that psychiatric symptoms can be detected as early as possible and early intervention can be made for patients, so that they can receive timely and correct treatment, thereby shortening the course of their illness and improving their prognosis. Active and effective support from society and family members is also an important aspect in preventing relapse of schizophrenia and improving its prognosis. In addition, since genetic factors play an obvious role in the development of schizophrenia, counseling in this area should be carried out and eugenics should be promoted.