The most common causes of back pain and swelling are over-exercise, chronic strain injury, back fasciitis, ankylosing spondylitis and so on. 1. Excessive exercise: If the patient carries out back-loaded labor or strenuous sports, the body produces too many metabolic products, lactic acid accumulation, which can cause back pain and swelling, which is a normal physiological phenomenon, and can be gradually relieved after sufficient rest. 2. Chronic strain: If the patient is engaged in heavy physical work for a long time, it is easy to cause chronic strain of the back muscles, and after being stimulated by external factors such as cold, dampness, etc., it can induce back pain and swelling. 3. Fasciitis of the back: due to trauma to the back or long-term chronic strain, it can induce aseptic inflammation of the back, leading to fasciitis of the back, when the inflammation attack can appear the symptoms of back pain and swelling. 4. Ankylosing spondylitis: It is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly invades the sacroiliac joints, spine and the surrounding joints, which may cause pain in the back and other joints, and in serious cases, it is accompanied by limitation of the movement of the spine and other joints. There are many reasons for back pain and swelling, and it may be related to trauma, compression fracture, osteoporosis, etc. If the symptoms persist without relief, it is recommended to go to the hospital in time to find out the cause of the disease, and then carry out targeted treatment.