I. Complications of diabetes mellitus
In China, with the development of social economy and the process of population aging, the incidence of diabetes is increasing year by year, especially in developing countries, the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications have become an important element of health care. For this reason, the country has also formulated the National Diabetes Prevention and Control Program.
Diabetic complications are the main cause of death and disability of diabetic patients. (With the widespread use of insulin and the emergence of newer and newer oral hypoglycemic drugs, acute complications of diabetes such as ketoacidosis and non-ketotic hypertonic coma have been greatly reduced, but on the contrary, disability and death from chronic complications of diabetes such as heart, brain and kidney diseases are increasing day by day.
According to relevant statistics, one half of patients initially diagnosed with diabetes mellitus have comorbidities, and the annual incidence of complications is 10-15% in patients who have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, and more than 90% of patients who have had diabetes mellitus for 10 years can have various degrees of complications. To date, modern medicine has no proven treatment or ideal drugs for the various complications of diabetes. Medical research advocates delaying its occurrence and development by controlling blood glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure, obesity, and reducing insulin resistance.
We adopt the method of Chinese medicine and the combination of Chinese and Western medicine in the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications is more advantageous, because Chinese medicine treatment of disease has always emphasized the individualized treatment according to the person, place and time, for the treatment of various comorbidities of diabetes, can achieve significant and stable efficacy, and has its characteristics and advantages.
It can be seen that the popularization of knowledge about the prevention and treatment of diabetes complications requires close cooperation between doctors and patients, and joint efforts are the main way to prevent, early detection and early treatment of diabetes complications. The integrated prevention and treatment of Chinese and Western medicine is the best solution for the treatment of diabetic comorbidity.
Second, the common types of diabetic complications.
1, diabetic eye disease: including diabetic retinopathy, cataract, eye muscle paralysis, glaucoma, etc.
2, diabetic nephropathy: including urinary tract infection, neurogenic cystitis, pyelonephritis, renal fibrosis, renal insufficiency, etc.
3, diabetic neuropathy: including sensory nerve disorders, motor nerve disorders, autonomic nerve disorders, etc.
4, diabetic cardiovascular system lesions: including coronary artery disease, non-coronary artery disease (diabetic cardiomyopathy, small arteriosclerosis, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, etc.)
5, diabetic foot: including gangrene, leukemia, etc.
Third, the main points of Chinese medicine on the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications.
Traditional Chinese medicine has been documenting diabetes and complications for more than 2000 years, and has accumulated rich experience in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and complications in long-term medical practice. Over the years, on the basis of strict control of blood glucose and blood pressure and adjustment of blood lipids, we have used Chinese medicine to treat diabetes and its various chronic complications with remarkable efficacy, which has obviously reduced the rate of death and disability caused by diabetic complications.
(i) For diabetic heart disease, the use of Chinese herbal medicine to benefit Qi, nourish Yin, resolve phlegm, activate blood and regulate Qi can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of chest tightness, breath-holding, palpitation and shortness of breath, improve myocardial ischemia and improve cardiac function.
②For diabetic cerebrovascular disease, intravenous dripping of Qingkailing, Hematopoietic, Chuanxiongzine and Danshen injection, which can improve cerebral circulation, improve cerebral hypoxia, protect brain cells and reduce the infarct area, can be used to improve limb function and significantly shorten the course of disease after the condition is stabilized with acupuncture treatment.
③For diabetic nephropathy, the treatment of diabetic nephropathy is based on Chinese medicine in stages, using the treatment rules of nourishing the liver and kidney, benefiting Qi and blood, strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney, resolving blood stasis and clearing the ligaments, tonifying Yin and Yang, and clearing the turbidity of the internal organs, which can significantly reduce the urinary albumin and improve the kidney function, and significantly delay the process of diabetic nephropathy renal failure.
④For diabetic retinopathy, treatment with traditional Chinese medicine such as nourishing the liver and kidney, cooling the blood and stopping bleeding, activating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis can significantly promote the absorption of fundus bleeding and exudation, and significantly improve visual acuity.
⑤ For diabetic peripheral neuropathy, the use of Chinese herbal medicine for static dosing, oral administration, external washing and with acupressure can significantly reduce or disappear the symptoms of numbness, pain and sensory disorders in the lower limbs, and improve the speed of sensory and motor nerve conduction.
(6) The combination of local and systemic treatment and Chinese and Western medicines for diabetic foot has developed a complete set of comprehensive treatment plan, which has enabled patients to achieve a wound healing rate of more than 85% and reduced the rate of diabetic foot amputation from 7.3% in the 1990s to 1.7%.
Decades of clinical practice have confirmed that Chinese medicine has obvious advantages in preventing and treating diabetic complications, and the integrated prevention and treatment of Chinese and Western medicine is the best solution for treating diabetic complications, which can significantly reduce the death and disability rates of diabetic complications and can significantly reduce medical costs.
In addition, because Chinese medicine has various effects such as lowering blood sugar, adjusting blood lipids, improving insulin resistance, improving microcirculation and correcting blood rheology abnormalities, for diabetic patients who have not yet developed complications, they can be treated with Chinese medicine that benefits qi and nourishes yin, activates blood circulation and eliminates blood stasis, which can prevent or delay the occurrence of diabetic complications.
Pharmacological research shows that ginseng, astragalus, xuan ginseng, yellow essence, wolfberry, ground bark, kudzu root, yellow lily, mulberry bark, bitter melon, guava, etc. have the effect of lowering blood sugar, hawthorn, zedoary, lingzhi, shouwu, cassia seed, Yin Chen, garlic, green tea have the effect of regulating lipids, and many blood circulation drugs have the effect of lowering blood viscosity and improving microcirculation at the same time. In addition, patients can also choose to use food with hypoglycemic, lipid-regulating, anti-atherosclerosis medicine and food, such as bitter melon, fungus, onion, garlic, shiitake mushrooms, hawthorn, green tea and other food, also have a better effect on the prevention of diabetes complications.