Esophageal cancer has a high incidence rate in China, which seriously threatens the health and life of patients, so no matter when it is found, it should be treated actively. The following are the four common treatments for esophageal cancer. 1.Surgical treatment of esophageal cancer. Surgery is a traditional treatment method for esophageal cancer and the most common means to control the disease. However, this method cannot achieve a complete cure for patients with mid to late stage cancer or distant metastasis, and because surgery is more invasive, it is not suitable for patients with poor physical function or special location of tumor lesions. With the development and progress of medical technology, the surgical treatment of esophageal tumor has made great progress in recent years. This treatment method can effectively control the development of the disease. Combined chemotherapy is not only an important treatment measure for middle and late stage esophageal tumor, but also used as an adjuvant treatment in combination with surgery and radiotherapy. 3.Radiation therapy is usually used to reduce the size of the tumor before surgical resection or to remove the remaining cancer cells after surgery. This common treatment method for esophageal cancer is of great significance especially when the size or location of the tumor is not suitable for surgical resection, or when the patient’s physical condition is not suitable for surgery. Disadvantage: It can produce great side effects. Biological therapy is a new high-tech treatment method newly researched in recent years. Biological therapy fills the shortage of conventional therapies such as surgery and radiotherapy, which not only has the function of removing tiny residual lesions in different parts of the body and preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis, but also has the unique effect of restoring and rebuilding the damaged immune system of patients. Clinical studies have proved that the efficiency of biological therapy is nearly 80%. In the International Conference on Biological Therapy and Gene Therapy in 2000, the experts reached a consensus that biological therapy is a promising technology to cure tumors. The above four treatment methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. Patients should choose the treatment method carefully according to their own condition and strive to minimize the damage.