Glucose-lowering drugs are like a double-edged sword, which can help patients control high blood sugar and reduce the risk of chronic complications, but may also bring certain side effects to the body. In order to avoid harm, patients should learn the basic knowledge of glucose-lowering drugs as early as possible and take corresponding preventive measures in time to reduce the side effects of glucose-lowering drugs. The following are tips on the application of four types of common hypoglycemic drugs: Tips on the application of bicalutamide 1. These drugs have a stimulating effect on the gastrointestinal tract and are recommended to be taken during or after meals to reduce their side effects on the gastrointestinal tract; they are not recommended for those with abnormal liver function, renal insufficiency or heart failure, emphysema or pulmonary heart disease; they should be discontinued 1 to 2 days before preparing for surgery or x-ray imaging. After 48 hours of imaging, kidney function should be checked, if the results are normal, you can resume taking metformin; 2, people taking metformin drugs should not drink alcohol (especially on an empty stomach). Because ethanol can damage liver function, especially can inhibit glycogen isogenesis and cause hypoglycemia. 3, pregnancy, lactation and women who plan to get pregnant should avoid taking metformin. Animal experiments have shown that metformin can be secreted through breast milk. 4.The application of these drugs alone usually does not cause hypoglycemia, but when combined with other classes of drugs or insulin, it may lead to hypoglycemia. Metformin is contraindicated in patients with mitochondrial diabetes because it inhibits the redox ability of mitochondria. The maximum dose of metformin is 2000 mg/day, which can be divided into 2 to 4 doses. Tips for the application of sulfonylureas These drugs can cause hypoglycemia; they are not effective in patients with type 1 diabetes because the islet secretion function of type 1 diabetic patients has completely failed; there is a possibility of primary failure (no effect at the beginning of the dose) or secondary failure (effective at the beginning of the dose, then gradually decreasing in efficacy until ineffective) of these drugs, which is mostly related to the patient’s own islet failure; These drugs are contraindicated in pregnant women and nursing mothers; sulfonamide antibiotics can enhance the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas, and the risk of hypoglycemia will increase if the two are combined. Tips on the application of α-glucosidase inhibitors α-glucosidase inhibitors (e.g., bactrim) must be taken correctly to be effective, requiring that it be taken with the first bite at mealtime, chewed together; its competitive inhibition of α-glucosidase must involve substrate (i.e., carbohydrates in food) in order to have a hypoglycemic effect; α-glucosidase inhibitors can cause abdominal distention, increased anal venting, and occasionally diarrhea, abdominal pain, therefore, patients with a history of abdominal surgery or intestinal obstruction, patients with chronic intestinal dysfunction accompanied by obvious digestive and absorption disorders, as well as those with liver and kidney insufficiency should be used with caution; α-glucosidase inhibitors alone generally do not produce hypoglycemia, but when combined with other hypoglycemic drugs and insulin, hypoglycemia may occur, at this time, oral or intravenous glucose treatment should be given immediately, and the use of general Carbohydrate (such as fruit juice, white sugar, starchy food, etc.) treatment is ineffective because the alpha-glucosidase activity is inhibited, the digestion and absorption of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are blocked, and the blood sugar level cannot rise rapidly. Tips for the application of thiazolidinediones This class of drugs includes pioglitazone (e.g., Caspian, Riton), which works by increasing insulin sensitivity through insulin receptors on muscle and fat cells. These drugs take several weeks to be effective, so you should not stop changing the drug because the short-term effect is not obvious. Similarly, once these drugs are discontinued, it often takes several weeks for their effects to completely disappear. In addition, these drugs can cause sodium retention and edema, especially when combined with insulin or at higher doses. In principle, it is contraindicated in patients with congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema, and must be discontinued immediately if symptoms of cardiac insufficiency appear after use; it should also be avoided in pregnant and lactating women; it is not affected by meals, and can be taken either on an empty stomach or during meals.