In recent years, the prevalence of myopia among adolescents has been rising, making many young parents worry that their children will get myopia, but in fact, myopia in infants and children is rare, only 1-1.5%, while more than 90% of preschool children are farsighted, of course, the vast majority of them are physiological, which is a manifestation of normal eye development. However, some hyperopia is pathological, which is the main cause of low vision and poor eye development in children and should be taken seriously by parents and society. Causes of hyperopia in children It is mainly related to the development of children’s eyes. If we look at the eye as a sphere, it has three axes, i.e. longitudinal axis, transverse axis and sagittal axis (i.e. eye axis), and the lengths of the three axes of a positive sphere are equal. In preschool children, most of the eye axes are shorter than the longitudinal and transverse axes and are oblate, which is a farsighted eye. At the age of 6-8, the eye axis gradually grows into a positive sphere with three axes of equal length, about 24mm, which is an ortho-optic eye. In optical calculation, for every 1mm shortening of the eye axis, the farsightedness increases by 300 degrees; for every 1mm lengthening, the myopia increases by 300 degrees. After birth, infants have small eyeballs and short eye axes, so they are almost always hyperopic or have both hyperopic astigmatism. As they get older, the eye grows and the eye axis grows in order to develop into an orthoptic eye (no hyperopia, myopia, or astigmatism). Only when the eye axis continues to lengthen, then it becomes myopic. Therefore, myopia in infants and children is rare, with an incidence of only 1-1.5%, and this type of myopia is pathological myopia. Physiological hyperopia in preschoolers The eyes of preschoolers have a certain amount of physiological hyperopia in their growth and development, which is a normal process of eye development, and its normal value is within 200 degrees of hyperopia at the age of 3-4, within 150 degrees of hyperopia at the age of 4-5, and within 100 degrees of hyperopia at the age of 6-8. Those who exceed the normal range are abnormal or pathological hyperopia. Abnormal or pathological hyperopia is a sign of poor or abnormal development of the eye, and abnormal or pathological hyperopia will further affect the normal development of the eye, putting it in a bad vicious circle. The main effects of abnormal or pathological hyperopia on eye development are: hypotropia (normal children’s visual acuity is ≥0.6 at the age of 3-4 years, and ≥0.8 at the age of 4-6 years, below the above standard is called hypotropia), amblyopia (no organic lesion in the eye, but the visual acuity cannot be corrected to 0.8 or more with glasses), strabismus and other visual dysfunctions, such as fusion dysfunction (in the same visual machine examination, two images cannot be (in the same vision machine examination, can not fuse two images into one, such as lions can not be shut into the cage, animal ears, tails can not grow on the body, etc.), stereo vision disorders. Special reminder: young parents should pay enough attention to the abnormal pathological hyperopia in children. As long as abnormal or pathological hyperopia is detected early and correct medical intervention and treatment are taken in time, it is possible to restore it to normal development. The main manifestation of abnormal or pathological hyperopia is low visual acuity. The most effective and easiest way to detect low visual acuity in children at an early stage is visual acuity examination. Regular vision exams for young children are an effective measure to detect low vision in a timely manner. Generally speaking, children can cooperate with vision checkups at the age of about three years old, and they should be reviewed every six months. Once low vision is detected, the child should seek medical attention in a timely manner. Amblyopia, strabismus and other visual dysfunctions caused by hyperopia can be restored to normal as long as they are treated and trained correctly during childhood.