Awake tracheal intubation refers to the tracheal intubation given under the condition that the patient is unconscious and awake, and it is mostly seen in the establishment of airway in critical and serious patients who need to establish airway quickly or in urgent need of surgery with difficult intubation. 1. Indications for awake tracheal intubation: it is mostly seen in the establishment of airway in surgical patients with incomplete obstruction of airway, trauma or shock, advanced age, combined with multiple organ failure, whose general condition is extremely poor and cannot tolerate general anesthesia. 2. Before awake tracheal intubation, it is necessary to fully communicate with the patient to eliminate his/her nervousness, sedatives such as ipecac can be given, laryngeal and tracheal mucosal anesthesia such as cricothyroid puncture is feasible prior to intubation, and the anesthetic drug can also be nebulized or sprayed in the nose. It is recommended that patients should seek medical attention if they feel unwell, and be treated under the doctor’s supervision to avoid delays.