Chronic granulocytic leukemia is a chronic leukemia that is divided into a chronic phase, an accelerated phase and an acute phase according to the course of disease development. With reasonable treatment in the chronic phase, patients can have good outcomes or even be cured, and with disease progression, effective treatments are reduced and have very limited efficacy. Patients with chronic granulocytes should make a proper judgment of their condition at the time of consultation, whether they belong to low risk, intermediate risk or high risk, and choose the appropriate treatment for different risk stratification. The main goals of CML treatment are to achieve cytogenetic or even molecular responses, prevent disease progression, prolong survival, improve quality of life, and cure the disease. Currently, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the only promising cure for CML. In terms of drug therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (its first generation product Gleevec) have very good efficacy and are currently the first-line drugs for the chronic phase of CML. Patients with poor efficacy, resistance or intolerance to tyrosine kinase inhibition can switch to second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors or undergo allogeneic HSCT.