In recent years, the incidence of cervical and lumbar degenerative disc disease has been increasing year by year with a trend of rejuvenation. Traditional open surgery for cervical and lumbar degenerative disc diseases is often associated with greater trauma, and some clinical problems secondary to intervertebral fusion are receiving increasing attention. Therefore, the application of minimally invasive surgery and intervertebral non-fusion techniques has received much attention in recent years. There are two main minimally invasive treatment methods that are more commonly used: one is percutaneous puncture disc nucleus pulposus decompression, which is currently the minimally invasive disc technique that causes the least disruption to the spine. Laser nucleus pulposus vaporization or low-temperature plasma ablation myeloplasty is generally used to decompress the nucleus pulposus of the disc to reduce the pressure of the herniated disc on the nerve tissue, thereby relieving clinical symptoms, and is mostly used to treat mild to moderate disc herniation. Another approach is the small incision discectomy and spinal nonfusion technique. The steps of these procedures are similar to those of traditional surgery, with the difference that the incisions are small, sometimes requiring endoscopic-assisted imaging, and their efficacy is close to that of open surgery.