Commonly used anticoagulant drugs include ordinary heparin, low molecular heparin, oral warfarin, and newer anticoagulant drugs such as dabigatran and rivaroxaban. All of these drugs have different indications. Heparin and low molecular heparin have good advantages in preventing venous thrombosis and treating lower extremity venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Warfarin is suitable for long-term prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation, especially for patients with a higher risk of embolism in atrial fibrillation. However, during the application of warfarin, attention should be paid to the monitoring of the coagulation image, if the coagulation image exceeds the standard, the risk of bleeding is relatively high, and if it does not meet the standard, it is necessary to pay attention to the appropriate increase in the dose. Adjustment of the dose is dependent on the Internationalized Normalized Ratio (INR), which should ideally be maintained between 2 and 3. Dabigatran is relatively simple to administer and does not require monitoring of coagulation parameters. These drugs need to be taken regularly to minimize the risk of underlying disease leading to cardioembolic disease.