Iron staining of the bone marrow can be used as a diagnostic basis for iron deficiency anemia and ferrocytic anemia, as well as an evaluation of the efficacy of iron therapy for anemia. A decrease in extracellular iron in bone marrow iron staining and a decrease in the percentage of ferrocytes means that iron deficiency anemia exists in the human body, and iron deficiency anemia can be manifested by an increase in extracellular iron and corresponding changes after appropriate iron therapy. In addition, in iron staining, ring-shaped iron granulocytes can be seen, iron granulocytes are increased, which can be used as an important clinical basis for the diagnosis of iron granulocyte anemia, so bone marrow iron staining can be used for diagnosis of anemia and evaluation of the value of effective iron therapy.