Intestinal polyps are one of the more common diseases in gastroenterology. Polyps can grow throughout the human digestive tract, and there are many types of polyps, which are broadly classified into adenomatous polyps, inflammatory polyps, hyperplastic polyps, and mismatched polyps. There are some very rare clinical cases where the number of polyps is very large, hundreds or thousands, and hereditary factors play an important role, which is called polyposis, and the most typical is familial polyposis. So what is familial polyposis? Familial polyposis and familial adenomatous polyposis is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. It is a deletion of the suppressor gene on the long arm of autosome 5 (5q21) and is occasionally seen in people with no family history, with an incidence of 1 in 10,000 in newborns. There are no obvious symptoms at the beginning of the disease, but with the increase of polyps, patients may experience abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, blood in the stool, and increased frequency of stool. If familial adenomatous polyposis is left untreated, it will inevitably become cancerous and may manifest as multiple primary colorectal cancers at the same time. Diagnosis The diagnosis of this disease is not difficult, with a family history and reliance on endoscopy. Colonoscopy shows that the whole colon and rectum are covered with polyps of different sizes, and the number of polyps often exceeds 100, while the number of polyps in general patients with multiple polyps is at most a few dozens, and the polyps can be red or yellow-white in color, with some surface erosions, bleeding spots or covered with secretions. In some intestinal segments, the mucosal surface is densely covered with large and small polyps, and it is difficult to see the normal mucosa, which is the characteristic manifestation of the disease. Treatment For treatment, it should be determined according to the number of levels of distribution of large intestinal polyps. In addition to the bleeding symptoms of polyps in general, extensive lesions can often be carcinogenic, so timely surgery should be performed, and those who cannot operate should also be followed up regularly to prevent complications. 1, cecum, ascending colon and rectal polyps sparse, feasible secondary total colectomy, cecum and rectal anastomosis. If polyps are found, endoscopic polypectomy is feasible to prevent malignant transformation. 2, the whole colon densely distributed polyps, such as polyps without malignant change, should be a total colectomy, the ileum into a “J” or “W” type storage bag and anal canal anastomosis. If the polyp is malignant, total colectomy and ileostomy are feasible, and according to the different parts of the polyp malignant, lymph node dissection and radical treatment will be done in the corresponding parts. 3, such as epidemic familial polyposis can be removed by colonoscopy with high-frequency electric excision or argon gas cautery polyps, and then regularly reviewed to remove polyps. Familial polyposis has a high cancer rate and will sooner or later develop into cancer, so in principle, once diagnosed, we need to actively strive for early surgery. Family members with a family history of familial polyposis should be diagnosed and treated early, often before there are symptoms.