In China, about 13 million women go through the pain of abortion every year. Repeated abortions without reliable contraception after abortion directly contribute to the decline in women’s health status. Clinicians in the field of family planning and obstetrics and gynecology should provide scientific guidance to patients who need abortions so that women can better avoid unwanted pregnancies. In this issue, for the first time, the Obstetrics and Gynecology column presents this content on “family planning” and features obstetricians and gynecologists to introduce the current situation of contraception among women in China. Abortion (including medication and surgical abortion) is the only effective remedy for unwanted pregnancies that occur when contraception fails or is not used. The World Health Organization’s “Safe Abortion” requires that abortion providers continue to provide thorough follow-up to the patient after the abortion procedure. The post-abortion follow-up visits should focus on the prevention and treatment of possible immediate or long-term complications. Post-abortion contraceptive counseling and guidance appears to be even more important to enable women who have undergone abortion to implement appropriate contraception on an “informed choice” basis in a timely manner to avoid recurrence of unintended pregnancies and repeat abortions. The risk of re-pregnancy after abortion According to the literature, 83% of women resume ovulation in the first cycle after abortion, and the smaller the gestational age, the earlier ovulation resumes, as early as the 11th postoperative day. Domestic epidemiological surveys show that 37.8% of women resume sexual intercourse within 1 month after abortion, and 21% of women without contraception have another pregnancy before menstruation resumes. Even the recovery time of menstruation after medical abortion is about 30 days. Xu Jieshan et al. reported that among 2343 unmarried adolescents in Shanghai, 38.5% were repeat abortions, of which 23.5% were repeat abortions within 1 year. Post-abortion contraceptive guidance The results of the survey conducted by Tong Chuanliang et al. on abortion subjects in Shanghai: 51.8% of abortion patients did not use contraception, and 45.9% failed to use contraceptive methods. Further analysis showed that 79.5% of unmarried abortion patients did not use contraceptive measures; among the failed contraceptive methods, male condom use error (33.8%), intrauterine device cause (29.5%) and safety period calculation error (19.9%) and improper use or failure of emergency contraceptive drugs were the main causes. Therefore, post-abortion contraceptive guidance should focus on contraceptive awareness education for those who did not take contraceptive measures; for those who failed to use contraceptive methods, it should focus on analyzing the reasons for failure and guiding the correct use. First of all, education on contraceptive awareness should be strengthened. It has been reported in the literature that the conception rate of normal couples without contraception is 25% in the first month and 85% in the first year after marriage. If the existing contraceptive measures are used correctly, the contraceptive efficiency can be more than 95%. Western European studies have found that cervical dilation and aspiration during abortion results in a 2.5 times normal risk of miscarriage in subsequent pregnancies; multiple abortions result in a 2.5 times normal risk of preterm delivery or delivery of a low birth weight baby in subsequent pregnancies. The more common contraceptive methods include IUDs, male condoms, safe contraception, and emergency contraception. Post-abortion family planning services are usually designed to help the patient implement contraception based on guidance and informed choice of contraceptive methods. Instruction on contraceptive methods is appropriate before the abortion so that it can be implemented after the abortion. For example, IUD placement immediately after abortion, post-abortion birth control, etc. In the late 1980s, the international community put forward the concept of Post abortionservice (PAS). Post abortion services include: ① post abortion community services; ② post abortion counseling services; ③ post abortion treatment services; ④ post abortion family planning; and ⑤ post abortion reproductive health and other comprehensive health services. The counseling guidance we currently provide is limited to post-abortion hygiene guidance and reminders of contraceptive measures to be observed, and is still far from informed choice and implementation of post-abortion contraceptive methods.