Swelling of mesenteric lymph nodes in children is considered to be caused by mesenteric lymphadenitis, which is usually not important after treatment, and the prognosis of most children is good. However, if not treated in time, suppurative mesenteric lymphadenitis may occur, which is important, and it is recommended to take medication and surgical treatment in time. When children with mesenteric lymphadenitis develop enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, most of them are not serious if they undergo regular treatment in time. Because mesenteric lymphadenitis is a self-limiting disease, most of the prognosis is good. Bacterial infections can be treated with oral antibiotics such as cefaclor dry suspension and cefixime. It is important to note that if parents do not take their child to the doctor for treatment, the condition may worsen, leading to complications such as purulent mesenteric lymphadenitis and appendicitis, which are critical. Surgical treatment may be required, including surgical exploration and appendectomy. If a child develops symptoms of enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, parents should take the child to the hospital in a timely manner and follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment. The above medications should be used under medical supervision.