OVERVIEW
Biliary tract infections are cholecystitis and cholangitis in different parts of the body, which are categorized into acute, subacute and chronic inflammation. Biliary tract infections are mainly caused by biliary obstruction and bile stasis, biliary stones are the most important cause of obstruction, while repeated infections can promote stone formation and further aggravate biliary obstruction. The disease can exist alone, but most often coexists with gallstone disease and is mutually causative. Infected bile ducts are prone to stone formation, and gallstones that obstruct the common bile duct are prone to infection, with common pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and anaerobic bacteria. Timely and appropriate management of patients with biliary tract infections can help patients’ treatment and recovery.
Main nursing problems
1. Pain.
2. fever.
3. impaired skin integrity.
4. risk of insufficient body fluids.
Nursing Measures
1. Pain care
Those with mild symptoms should rest in bed, assist them to take a comfortable position, and take rhythmic deep breaths to relieve pain. If the diagnosis is clear and the pain is severe, antispasmodic and analgesic, anti-inflammatory and choleretic drugs can be given as prescribed by the doctor. In addition, patients should also be given antibacterial drugs as prescribed to control infection.
2. Fever care
Fever should be bed rest, reduce oxygen consumption. For those who sweat a lot, they should change clothes and bed sheet in time to keep the skin clean and dry. Also do a good job of oral care, gargle more, keep the mouth clean. Those with high fever can use physical cooling, or follow the doctor’s advice to give drugs to lower the temperature, and monitor the temperature change.
3.Skin care
Patients with jaundice are prone to itching, so patients should be helped to trim their nails and told to avoid scratching. Patients should also be assisted to turn over regularly to prevent pressure sores.
4. Maintain fluid balance
Closely monitor the patient’s vital signs, record the amount of fluid in and out in a timely manner, and determine the type of rehydration solution and the amount of infusion according to the condition, gastrointestinal decompression, central venous pressure and so on, in accordance with the doctor’s instructions.
5.Dietary care
For patients with mild disease who do not need surgery, they should eat light, easy-to-digest food and avoid greasy food. If the disease is serious and surgery is needed, patients should be fasted before the operation, and gastrointestinal decompression should be given.
Health Advocacy
1. Adopt good dietary habits and low-fat diet.
2. Take appropriate physical exercise.
3. Follow the doctor’s instructions for regular review, and consult the doctor in time if symptoms such as pain and fever occur.