1.Is it too much for babies to receive 11 vaccines and 20 shots before the age of 2, and will vaccines made of bacteria, viruses or toxins produced by them have adverse effects on babies’ bodies? Vaccination is a general term that refers to the use of artificially prepared vaccine preparations (antigens) or immune serum preparations (antibodies) that are administered to the body through a suitable route to produce automatic or passive immunity to an infectious disease in individuals and groups. The purpose of vaccination is to protect individuals and populations from infection and disease caused by pathogenic factors by creating automatic or passive immunity in individuals and populations through vaccination with automatic or passive immunizing agents. The purpose of vaccination is to control the occurrence and prevalence of the targeted infectious disease and ultimately to eliminate or eradicate the targeted infectious disease. There are only 25 infectious diseases that can be prevented by existing vaccines, accounting for about 5% of known infectious diseases in humans. 2. How to observe the effect of vaccination after vaccination? In the course of the history of mankind’s struggle with infectious diseases, methods of immunization against infectious diseases were discovered. The global eradication of smallpox by vaccination with pox vaccine in the late 1970s was a great victory of mankind in the struggle with infectious diseases, an important milestone in the history of preventive medicine, and a great achievement of vaccination for mankind. Inspired by the eradication of smallpox, our planned immunization and global EPI activities are moving toward the goal of eradicating polio, eliminating neonatal tetanus, and then measles. However, gaps and shortcomings should also be seen, as only 25 infectious diseases are preventable by existing vaccines, accounting for about 5% of known human infectious diseases, and preventive agents for many infectious diseases are yet to be developed. Moreover, there are limitations in the preventive effect of existing vaccines, such as the prevention and control of some insect-borne and zoonotic infectious diseases by killing insects, exterminating rats and controlling animal infectious sources; for intestinal infectious diseases by improving environmental hygiene and food hygiene, and keeping the disease from the mouth; it is difficult to effectively control and eliminate these infectious diseases by vaccination alone. At the same time, it must also be seen that even if the same vaccine is administered, the immune effect produced by each person is not the same due to differences in individual immune functions; even if the same level of immunity is available, the preventive effect will not be the same due to differences in personal hygiene concepts and the degree of infection by microorganisms. Therefore, at all times, on all occasions and under all circumstances, we should emphasize the awareness of health care, improve people’s civilized health quality, and always pay attention to personal hygiene, food hygiene, environmental hygiene and vaccination in order to receive the ultimate effect of health care, disease prevention and elimination. 3.What is the normal reaction after vaccination? What about abnormal reactions? Vaccination network is to make the vaccine recipient obtain immunity against infection by vaccination. However, any vaccine, as an antigen, is a large molecule or a foreign substance to the human body, and some reactions that are damaging to the organism are called adverse reactions to vaccination after individual vaccine recipients have a normal immune response. Adverse reactions to vaccination are related to vaccination and include two types of reactions: general reactions and abnormal reactions. The characteristics of general reactions: The degree of reaction is limited to a certain extent, except for some people who have slightly heavier reactions due to differences in the body, but they are mostly mild and generally do not affect normal work, study or life. The reaction process is transient rather than persistent, and most of them can recover in 2-3 days. The reaction does not cause irreversible tissue or organ damage, or functional impairment (except for BCG local scarring); there are no sequelae. General reactions, which some people call normal reactions. It is believed that if there is no reaction, there is no effect; the greater the reaction, the better the effect; in fact, this statement is not entirely correct. After vaccination, some reactions may be conditions that must occur to establish an immune response, or they may be the process of the immune response itself, and such reactions may be impossible to avoid. However, excessive reactions can, after all, cause unnecessary suffering to the vaccinated person and may be dangerous. With the development of science and technology and the continuous improvement of vaccine quality, reactions in general can be avoided and reduced. 4.What is a suspected abnormal reaction to vaccination? Some of them are really related to vaccination, while some are not related to vaccination, but only related in time; before the nature of damage to the body is clear, this situation is called suspected abnormal vaccination reaction. Suspected abnormal vaccination reactions are reactions that may cause damage to the tissues, organs and functions of the organism of the recipient during or after vaccination and are suspected to be related to vaccination. This definition includes three aspects: (1) The case must be reasonably related to vaccination, i.e., it must occur during or after vaccination; (2) The recipient’s organism has certain damage to tissues, organs or functions or abnormal behavior; (3) The doctor who sees the patient at the time of consultation suspects that the case is related to vaccination. 5.What are some misconceptions about vaccination? What other precautions should parents be reminded of? (1) Some infectious diseases have already been eradicated, so children do not need to be vaccinated against them. As a result of immunization, the incidence of most diseases in a given country or region may have fallen to very low levels. This does not mean that the bacteria and viruses that transmit those diseases have been eliminated and that immunization against those diseases is still necessary. They may still be prevalent in other countries or regions of the world, and travelers may bring these germs with them and get them to spread quickly. Immunization may also indirectly protect those who cannot be vaccinated or who do not respond to the vaccine. If the people around them are vaccinated, their chances of contracting an infectious disease are reduced. (2) Chickenpox is not a fatal disease and therefore, vaccination against chickenpox is not necessary. The varicella vaccine will immunize most children, and many studies have shown that the vaccine is safe and effective, although the duration of its effectiveness and the need for a booster dose in the future are still being studied. (3) Breastfed children do not need to be immunized. Breast milk does not protect against infectious diseases as vaccines do, and breastfed infants may have fewer colds and flu. (4) Even after vaccination, you can still contract the disease, so some people think that vaccines do not work. There is no doubt that vaccines work, and tens of thousands of children worldwide have been immunized against diseases such as polio, measles, and diphtheria. Things are not static, vaccines work for the majority of people, but for a very small number of people, they do not respond to vaccines, and it can be said that the immunization rate is more than 85% for vaccination and zero for non-vaccination. (5) Children should not be vaccinated when they have a cold or fever. Generally speaking, minor illnesses do not affect vaccination, for example, if the temperature of fever is not too high, cough, runny nose, moderate diarrhea, etc., vaccination can be given as usual. (6) Hundred, white and diphtheria vaccines can cause sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). There is no scientific basis for linking DTP vaccination with SIDS. The reason for this untrue statement is that infants are two months old when they receive their first vaccination, which coincides with the high incidence of sudden infant death syndrome. There is no intrinsic link between the two. (7) There are news reports that certain batches of vaccines are less safe. The government established the Vaccine Incident Reporting System (VAERS) specifically to receive reports of vaccine side effects; however, VAERS has not found that batch of vaccine to be unsafe to date. All vaccines are produced under the supervision of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), production facilities are regularly inspected, and each batch of vaccine is tested for safety by the manufacturer. (8) There is a risk to children of receiving more than one vaccine at a time. Years of experience and research have proven that routine vaccines used in childhood can be administered at the same time with safe results, and that the side effects caused by multiple vaccines given at the same time are no greater than when each vaccine is given separately.