Simple discrimination between laryngeal cancer and pharyngitis can be made from clinical manifestations, laryngoscopic examination and other aspects. Laryngeal cancer is a kind of malignant tumor occurring in the larynx. Early clinical manifestations of glottic laryngeal cancer mainly focus on hoarseness; supraglottic laryngeal cancer may have foreign body sensation, blockage or irritating cough in the larynx; subglottic laryngeal cancer, with the growth of the tumor, gradually develops swallowing obstruction, dyspnea, which may lead to asphyxia in serious cases, and laryngoscopy suggests space-occupying lesions. Pharyngitis is an inflammatory lesion occurring in pharynx, which can be divided into acute pharyngitis and chronic pharyngitis. Acute pharyngitis is characterized by fever, sore throat, pain in swallowing, etc. Chronic pharyngitis can be manifested as dry pharynx, pharynx foreign body sensation, burning sensation, irritating cough and other symptoms, laryngoscopy can be seen in pharyngeal edema, congestion and other manifestations. In short, when there is discomfort in the pharynx, it is recommended to go to the ear, nose and throat department of the hospital as soon as possible, improve the laryngoscopy, combined with the patient’s symptoms, a clear diagnosis, to be symptomatic treatment.