How to treat endometrial cancer

     After a patient is diagnosed with endometrial cancer, the treatment plan is formulated by the doctor according to the tissue type of endometrial cancer, the degree of invasion and metastasis, the patient’s age, physical condition, the presence of medical and surgical comorbidities, and whether the patient requires fertility. Before treatment, CT, MRI and other imaging judgments should be performed to assess the scope of the tumor, which can be roughly divided into three cases: tumor limited to uterine body; tumor invading the cervix; tumor beyond the uterus, and the treatment methods for these three cases are different, as follows: 1. tumor limited to uterine body: total uterus + double adnexal resection + surgical staging should be performed; if the patient is old and has many important organ comorbidities such as heart, liver, lung and kidney, and cannot tolerate surgery, tumor targeting is feasible. If the patient is old and has many heart, liver, lung, kidney and other important organ comorbidities, he/she cannot tolerate surgery and can be treated with targeted radiotherapy or endocrine therapy. Those who are young and require fertility and meet the indications of preserving reproductive function can be treated conservatively with drugs.  2.Suspected or visualized cervical invasion: cervical biopsy or MRI is needed, if the result is negative, the surgery is the same as tumor confined to the uterine body. If cervical biopsy is positive or there are visible lesions in the cervix, perform extensive hysterectomy + double adnexal resection + surgical staging, or complete hysterectomy + double adnexal resection + surgical staging after radiotherapy first; if inoperable, tumor-targeted radiotherapy first, and then re-evaluate whether surgical resection is possible.  3.Suspected tumor spread outside the uterus: MRI/CT/PET, CA125 check, if the result is negative, the surgery will be the same as tumor confined to the uterus. If the tumor is beyond the uterus but confined to the abdominal cavity (including positive ascites cytology, large omentum, lymph nodes, ovaries, peritoneal metastasis), perform hysterectomy + bilateral adnexal resection + surgical staging + tumor reduction with the aim of achieving no measurable lesions as much as possible. For lesions beyond the uterus but confined to the pelvic cavity (metastases to the vagina, bladder, bowel/rectum, parametrium) that cannot be resected, radiotherapy + vaginal brachytherapy ± chemotherapy ± surgery is recommended. Lesions beyond the abdominal cavity or metastases to the liver: consider palliative hysterectomy + bilateral adnexal resection, with postoperative decision on chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy depending on the situation.