Sudden swelling and pain in the big toe joint may be caused by trauma, gout and rheumatoid arthritis. 1. Trauma: When the big toe joints remain weight-bearing for a long period of time, injuries can occur during exercise, resulting in ligament and peripheral tendon injuries, which can cause sudden swelling and pain. If it is not serious, it can be gradually improved through rest, braking, cold compress and other treatments. 2. Gout: gout can be in the big toe joints with urate crystal deposition leading to swelling and pain, can suddenly appear, general examination can be hyperuricemia, avoid high-purine diet, such as animal offal, aquatic products such as sardines, shrimp, crabs, etc., the pain is more severe can be used for diclofenac sodium and so on. 3. Rheumatoid arthritis: overwork and other factors may trigger swelling and stiffness of the big toe joint, or sudden swelling and pain, usually need ibuprofen, methotrexate and other treatments. Sudden swelling and pain in the big toe joint may have other reasons, if the rest is not obvious, you should go to the regular hospital in time, the doctor according to the condition of the specific cause of the disease, for the cause of the correct treatment.