Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the rectum is a type of rectal cancer characterized by pathological findings combined with immunohistochemistry, and the malignancy of the corresponding lesion is moderate. In the pathological examination of rectal cancer mass, the heterogeneity and proliferation of cells will be observed. If the result shows that the cells are moderately differentiated and the degree of malignancy is moderate, the clinical diagnosis will be moderately differentiated cancer. Among the corresponding rectal cancer lesions, the prognosis of rectal cancer after surgery is also moderate based on the pathological results alone. The degree of malignancy is medium, and the prognosis and treatment plan should be further judged by combining with pathological staging, and after determining the specific condition, standardized treatment should be carried out under the guidance of clinicians; and postoperative review should be carried out regularly by combining with the results of imaging examination and laboratory tests.