A 15-day-old neonate with congenital heart disease should consult a doctor according to the child’s condition and be treated under the doctor’s guidance. Below is a list of a case of potentially cyanotic congenital heart disease with ventricular septal defect and a case of cyanotic congenital heart disease with tetralogy of Fallot. Ventricular septal defects are the most common in clinical practice. For ventricular septal defects smaller than 5mm, they may be able to close on their own without significant effect on heart function and observation is sufficient; for medium-sized defects of 5-10mm, surgery can be started when the child is 3-5 years old; for large defects larger than 10mm, they can lead to growth retardation of the child and should be operated on within 6 months of age. Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease, which is a group of congenital heart diseases consisting of pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, aortic ride, right ventricular hypertrophy, and the children will have generalized cyanosis, growth retardation, etc. Mildly ill patients should be operated before school age, and for the children with obvious clinical symptoms, they should be operated in the first 6 months of life. In addition to ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot, there are also atrial septal defect, arterial catheterization, complete transposition of the great arteries and other types of congenital heart disease. It is recommended to consult the doctor in time to find out the cause of the disease and follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment.