What is type 1 diabetes? What causes it? Diabetes is caused by the body’s inability to properly use the glucose in the blood. There are usually several reasons for this change: the pancreas in the body is not able to produce insulin, or the production of insulin is reduced, or the insulin that is secreted does not perform its job properly. Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and is currently required for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. When there is a problem with the beta cells used to produce insulin, insulin production decreases or even disappears completely. The diabetes caused by this condition is called type 1 diabetes, which was once also called insulin-dependent diabetes. It is not well understood why the beta cells develop problems for good reasons. All that is known is that type 1 diabetes is very closely related to genetics. Based on genetics, the body’s immune system is permanently altered for certain reasons (such as viral infections, certain environmental chemical factors, allogeneic proteins, etc.), so that the beta cells are destroyed as bad molecules by the immune cells. In a normal person, insulin secretion and blood glucose levels are always a dynamic equilibrium process, subject to precise regulation. By increasing or decreasing the amount of insulin secretion, the body automatically maintains a stable blood glucose level. Throughout the day, insulin is continuously secreted by pancreatic beta cells 24 hours a day, and when a large amount of carbohydrates is consumed, the secretion of insulin is temporarily increased, so that the glucose absorbed into the blood through the digestive tract enters the cells quickly and achieves a stable blood glucose concentration. However, when you have type 1 diabetes, you have to prevent your blood sugar from becoming too high by injecting insulin. When blood glucose increases, a number of clinical signs of diabetes occur Increased urination, especially at night. To compensate for the loss of water, you feel thirsty all the time and keep drinking water. You feel tired and weak and lose more and more weight. Itching in the perineum, even fungal infections, and slow wound healing. Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes. Symptom characteristics: usually acquired before the age of 40, rapid appearance and development of symptoms, unexplained weight loss, ketone bodies in the urine, obesity and overweight for many years, slow development of symptoms or even no obvious symptoms, unexplained weight loss. Pathogenesis: autoimmune reaction, no insulin production in the body, insulin resistance, insulin is still produced in the body, but the production is relatively reduced. Treatment: insulin, lifestyle changes (diet and physical activity control), glucose-lowering medication insulin, reduction of your vision so you sometimes feel that you can’t see well. Goal of blood sugar control: Good good blood sugar control means keeping your blood sugar as close to normal blood sugar levels as possible all the time. For adults with type 1 diabetes, the goal is to keep your blood glucose between 4-7 mmol/L before meals and no more than 9 mmol/L 2 hours after meals. This has been shown to significantly delay or reduce the occurrence of serious chronic complications of diabetes, such as coronary heart disease and stroke due to cardiovascular disease, diabetic retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and diabetic nephropathy. Hypoglycemia Every person with type 1 diabetes is at high risk of experiencing a hypoglycemic episode. For some of these sensitive individuals, even mild hypoglycemic episodes can become unacceptable. Therefore, it is up to the patient to find the best treatment for his or her situation: one that is convenient, adaptable, and lowers blood sugar while minimizing hypoglycemic episodes. This requires patients to repeatedly communicate with their doctors, set reasonable goals for lowering their blood sugar, and inform them of their various fears and concerns about their hypoglycemic reactions in order to get professional help. In conclusion: Diabetes appears when the body is not able to regulate blood sugar automatically. Glucose in the body comes from the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in our food and drinks, in addition to the continuous production by the liver. Insulin is the key for glucose to enter the cells for energy supply. No one knows the exact cause of type 1 diabetes yet, except that it is related to an autoimmune response. Common symptoms of diabetes include excessive drinking, urination, and weight loss, as well as fatigue, itching in the perineum, slow wound healing, and blurred vision. With good glycemic control, diabetic patients can significantly reduce the incidence of future cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, eye disease, and amputation.